#lang reader "../../../pollen/lexicon-reader.rkt" ("../../../pollen/lexicon.rkt" "../../../pollen.rkt") # gašida: noun celestial collective 0 gašid gašjod gelšid a < v7 ◊v7{gašida} < v6 ◊v6{gašyda} (v4 ◊v4{gasyda}) * An area where light is obstructed by an object. The shadow cast by ◊|gen#|. -> shadow * A dark area. # eltes: noun celestial singular 1 elt ilt eld e < v7 ◊v7{eltes} < v6 ◊v6{eltes} * -> river # šimeþ: noun celestial singular 2 šim šelm šim e < v7 ◊v7{šimeþ} < v6 ◊v6{šymessa} (v4 ◊v4{symessa}) * The process of ◊|gen#| ending. -> end -> ending * The point at which ◊|gen#| ends. -> end -> endpoint -> terminus * Of a river ◊|gen#|, the point at which ◊|gen#| flows into a larger body of water that is not also a river. -> mouth # galar: noun human singular 3 gal gel gal a < v7 ◊v7{galar} < v6 ◊v6{galar} * -> friend -> companion # leþin: noun celestial collective 4 leþ lers lis leð n e < v7 ◊v7{leþin} * -> bluebird @hypernym tano # ŋarâþ: noun celestial singular 5 ŋarâ ŋôrþ ŋal þ a < v7 ◊v7{ŋarâþ} < v6 ◊v6{necarasso} * A method of human communication, especially as one distinct from others of the same class. -> language # serfil: noun celestial mass 6 serf šorf šelf i < v7 ◊v7{serfil} < v6 ◊v6{serfyl} * The season after summer and before winter. -> autumn -> fall # mortos: noun terrestrial singular 7 mort mald molt < v7 ◊v7{mortos} < v6 ◊v6{mortos} * One of two identical parts of the body extending from the wrist to the fingertips. -> hand -> claw -> talon @holonym tfôr # tfełor: noun terrestrial singular 8 tfeł tfoł tfeł < v7 ◊v7{tfełor} < v6 ◊v6{metellor} * -> road -> path # cenčon: noun terrestrial singular 9 cenč cinč cenč < v7 ◊v7{cenčon} < v6 ◊v6{centjon} (v4 ◊v4{centrion}) * A word or words used to identify a person or place. -> name # ener: noun celestial collective 3 en in end e < v7 ◊v7{ener} < v6 ◊v6{ener} * A tall, woody plant. -> tree @holonym crîþ @meronym cfiþar @meronym erinoros @meronym ilmos @meronym rana @hyponym venos @hyponym nirþo @hyponym mjerlo # erłas: noun celestial mass 1 erł orł erł a < v7 ◊v7{erłas} < v6 ◊v6{erllas} * The metal gold. -> gold # łercþel: noun terrestrial collective 10 łercþ łercþ łircþ łircþ łelþ j < v7 ◊v7{łercþel}, possibly related to ◊v7{łirla} ◊trans{light} * -> firefly * (figuratively) Someone who is active at night. # arcin: noun celestial mass 4 arc ilc eric org n e < v7 ◊v7{arcin} < v6 ◊v6{arcyn} * A form of solid water that is hard to the touch. -> ice @hypernym naso # aste: noun celestial collective 0 ast ost jad e < v7 ◊v7{aste} * A petal of a flower. -> petal @holonym tovra # crîþ: noun terrestrial singular 11 crî crîlþ clîþ þ < v7 ◊v7{crîþ} < v6 ◊v6{cryssos} * An area with many trees. -> forest @meronym ener # ron: noun terrestrial mass 12 r ran o n < v7 ◊v7{ron} * -> figure -> form -> shape * A grammatical case. -> case # +merlan #flirora: noun human singular (5 +merla +mirł +merl n e | 0 #fliror #flier #flirol a) < v7 ◊v7{+merlan #flirora} < ? + ◊v7{flirora} ◊trans{jellyfish} * The creator of Ŋarâþ Crîþ. -> +merlan #flirora -> kozet -> Uruwi # telos: noun terrestrial collective 7 tel tol tel < v7 ◊v7{telos} < v6 ◊v6{etelos} * Any type of animal that lives in water and has fins and gills. -> fish # tovra: noun celestial collective 0 tovr tevr tev a < v7 ◊v7{tovra} * -> flower @meronym aste # eleþ: noun celestial singular 2 el ilt elr e < v7 ◊v7{eleþ} < v6 ◊v6{elsse} * -> sun * One revolution of the earth around the sun. -> year | The conjunct form is ◊l0{elþe-}. # šileat: verb intransitive šile a 0c < v7 ◊v7{šileat} < v6 ◊v6{šylead} (v4 ◊v4{sylead}) * ◊S emits or reflects light. -> shine @synonym lirnat # cenmirat: verb auxiliary cenmir a 0c < v7 ◊v7{cenmirat} * It seems that ◊|T|; ◊|Š| seems to ◊|T|. -> seem to -> appear to | Indicates an inference made by the speaker. # censit: verb semitransitive cens i 0c < v7 ◊v7{censit} < v6 ◊v6{celšyd} (v4 ◊v4{celsyd}) * ◊S equals ◊|I|. -> equal -> be -> same -> identical @antonym ema @confusable varit # eristat: verb semitransitive erist a 1e < v7 ◊v7{eristat}. In v6, this was ◊v6{etleryd} with the gloss ◊trans{encounter}. * ◊S encounters ◊I (usually a person), usually for the first time (but not in conjunction with ◊refword/l{ħarat}). -> encounter -> meet # ecljat: verb semitransitive eclj a 0c < v7 ◊v7{ecljat} * ◊S is far from ◊I spatially. -> far -> distant * ◊S is emotionally detached from ◊|I|, especially in a situation where such detachment is desirable. @synonym cisrit @synonym enlat @antonym cþîšat # vandat: verb intransitive vand a 2c < v7 ◊v7{vandat}. v6 had the adjective ◊v6{gantor} for ◊trans{heavy} or ◊trans{lazy} and ◊v6{cymtero} for ◊trans{important}. * ◊S is heavy or important. -> heavy -> important * ◊S hangs downward or sags. -> sag -> droop -> bend @synonym disrit # mîrm·arit: verb ditransitive mîrm·ar i n:o 0n < v7 ◊v7{mîrm·arit} < ◊v7{mîr} ◊trans{after (in time)} + ◊v7{marit} ◊trans{speak, say} < v6 ◊v6{myron} ◊trans{after} + ◊v6{marayd} ◊trans{speak, say} * ◊S predicts that ◊O will hold for ◊|I|; ◊S expects, predicts, foresees ◊|I|. -> predict -> expect -> foresee # marit: verb ditransitive mar i 0n < v7 ◊v7{marit} < v6 ◊v6{marayd} ◊trans{speak, say} * ◊S says ◊O to ◊I in a language ◊|inst#|. -> say -> speak -> talk -> tell * ◊S suggests or reflects a trait ◊O to ◊|I|. # ħarat: verb auxiliary ħar a 0n < v7 ◊v7{ħarat} * ◊T is done again. -> again -> once more * ◊T is done to a further degree than previously mentioned. -> even more # enva: noun celestial singular 0 env neð env a < v7 ◊v7{enva} < v6 ◊v6{enva} * The period in which the earth completes one rotation around its axis. -> day # dase: noun celestial singular 0 das dor dest e < v7 ◊v7{dase} * The previous thing in a series of ◊|gen#|s. -> previous ! enven dase \\ yesterday * Something preceding ◊|gen#|. @antonym sado # sado: noun celestial singular 0 sad sod sad o < v7 ◊v7{sado} * The next thing in a series of ◊|gen#|s. -> next ! enven sado \\ tomorrow * Something following ◊|gen#|. * Mentions a quotation given later in the text. @antonym dase # łirla: noun celestial collective 0 łirl łjorl łil a < v7 ◊v7{łirla} < v6 ◊v6{lyre} ◊trans{light, torch} * -> light * In the singulative, a ray of light. # lirnat: verb intransitive lirn a 2c < v7 ◊v7{lirnat} < ◊v7{łirla} ◊trans{light} * ◊S is bright; ◊S emits a large amount of light. -> bright * Of weather or the time in which occurs, ◊S is sunny. -> sunny @synonym šileat # endir: noun celestial mass 3 end ond end i < v7 ◊v7{endir} < v6 ◊v6{endyr} * The current time. -> now -> the present | More formal than ◊refword{ina}. @synonym ina # ina: noun celestial mass 0 in jon ins a < v7 ◊v7{ina} * The current time. -> now -> the present | More informal than ◊refword{endir}. @synonym endir # drênit: verb transitive drên i 0v < v7 ◊v7{drênit} < v6 ◊v6{renatryd} * ◊S wakes up ◊|O|; ◊O is awake. -> wake up -> awake * ◊S encourages someone to engage in ◊|O|. -> stir up -> arouse -> incite * (of the sun) ◊O rises. -> rise # šino: noun celestial singular 0 šin šjon šed o < v7 ◊v7{šino} < v6 ◊v6{šyno} (v4 ◊v4{syno}) * All members of a group ◊|gen#|. -> everything -> everyone * The entirety of something. -> entirety -> whole -> entire * In the genitive, all or every. -> all -> every -> entire ! šinen ðês \ at every occurrence \ always, every time | ◊l1{šinen}, when used as a determiner, triggers a lenition in nouns other than ◊l1{ðên}. # nema: noun celestial singular 0 nem nom nem a < v7 ◊v7{nema}. v6 had ◊v6{erte} for ◊trans{some} and ◊v6{enmerte} for ◊trans{any}. * At least one member of a group ◊|gen#|. -> anything -> anyone -> something -> someone * In the genitive, at least one. -> any -> some * In the genitive, known but not specifically named. -> a certain -> indefinite -> some | ◊l1{nemen}, when used as a determiner, triggers a lenition in nouns other than ◊l1{ðên}. # nava: noun human singular 0 nav nev nav a < v7 ◊v7{nava} < v6 ◊v6{nava} * -> human * Any sapient species. -> person @hyponym ferna @hyponym čêrca @hyponym šidrêr # dranlit: verb intransitive dranl i 0e < v7 ◊v7{dranlit} < v6 ◊v6{nyralyssyd} * ◊S is dead. -> dead * ◊S ceases to be alive. -> die -> pass away @antonym cerit # sâna: noun celestial singular 0 sân sîn sân a < v7 ◊v7{sâna} < v6 ◊v6{esana} * -> bear # mênčat: verb transitive mênč a n:î 0c < v7 ◊v7{mênčat} < v6 ◊v6{menteat} * ◊S eats or drinks ◊|O|. -> eat -> drink -> consume -> swallow * ◊S takes ◊O (medicine). -> take medicine * ◊S tolerates ◊|O|. -> tolerate -> accept # racrit: verb transitive racr i 0c < v7 ◊v7{racrit} < v6 ◊v6{orcryd} ◊trans{know (a fact)} * ◊S knows ◊|O|. -> know -> familiar with -> aware of | ◊nc{racrit} is used both for knowing a person and knowing a fact. # ŋiłit: verb semitransitive ŋił i 0n < v7 ◊v7{ŋiłit} * ◊S makes a loud noise toward ◊|I|. -> shout -> yell -> bark -> roar # mel: !det mel < v7 ◊v7{mel} * A large quantity. -> much -> many -> a lot @synonym denfo @antonym dân # denfo: noun celestial mass 0 denf danf denf o < v6 ◊v6{denefo} ◊trans{much, many} * A large quantity of something. -> much -> many things | ◊nc{denfo} is always the head. It cannot be made into a determiner by using the genitive form. @synonym mel # &denfo: noun celestial mass 0 &denf &danf &denf o < reduplication of ◊refword/l{denfo} < v6 ◊v6{denefo} ◊trans{much, many} * A majority. -> majority -> most ! navin &denfo nefarel ŋiłalta. \\ A majority of the people shouted twice. | ◊nc{&denfo} is always the head. It cannot be made into a determiner by using the genitive form. @antonym resa # tfera: noun celestial mass 0 tfer far tfar a < v7 ◊v7{tfera} * Many times, compared to when something does not happen. -> often -> frequently -> usually | This noun is usually used in the locative. # tesarit: verb intransitive tesar i 0e < v6 ◊v6{tesaro} * ◊S feels joy or happiness. -> happy -> joyful -> cheerful @synonym anhit @synonym seftat @confusable dotesarit # dotesarit: verb transitive dotesar i 0e < ◊nc{do-} + ◊refword/l{tesarit} < v6 ◊v6{tesaro} * ◊S inspires joy or happiness in ◊|O|. -> happy -> cheerful -> upbeat @synonym anhit @confusable tesarit # vjełat: verb auxiliary vjeł a 0n * ◊|Š| has the character of doing ◊|T|. ! tesarit vjełec nava \\ someone with a joyful disposition # ves: noun celestial singular 12 v vêd ê s < v7 ◊v7{vês} * A collection of organized things. -> system # lârin: noun celestial singular 4 lâr lêr lêd lâl n e < v7 ◊v7{lâri} < v6 ◊v6{alarys} * -> cat -> feline @hyponym lârinčin # lârinčin: noun celestial collective 4 lârinč lêrinč lêdenč lârinč n i < diminuitive of ◊refword/l{lârin} < v7 ◊v7{lâri} < v6 ◊v6{alarys} * -> kitten @hypernym lârin # tačit: verb ditransitive tač i p:e 0c < v7 ◊v7{tačit} < v6 ◊v6{tacnad} * ◊S jumps over ◊O toward ◊|I|. -> jump # cehit: verb transitive ceh i 0c < v7 ◊v7{cehit} * ◊S arrives at ◊|O|. -> reach -> arrive -> come * ◊O (point of time) arrives. -> arrive * ◊S (light) shines on ◊|O|. # mitrit: verb semitransitive mitr i 0c < v7 ◊v7{mitrit} < v6 ◊v6{mytra} ◊trans{fast, swift} * ◊S runs to ◊|I|. -> run ! dranai naldas nîs mitrit \ run along the edge of death \ try one’s best at something * ◊S is fast. -> fast -> swift -> rapid # nelsit: verb semitransitive nels i 0e < v7 ◊v7{nelsit} < v6 ◊v6{nelšyd} ◊trans{go to, attend} (v4 ◊v4{nelsyd}) * ◊S goes to ◊|I|. -> go to * ◊S attends an event or gathering ◊|I|. -> go to -> attend @hypernym velšit @confusable ninłit # eþit: verb intransitive eþ i 0c {apn: ve ven vjaþ vef veac vea ves vesen vełar vełaf veła vełan von ver vel vins vjaþis vesif veacel varel verþ vinse veris vełesaf vełal vełans veron vros} < v7 ◊v7{eþit} < v6 ◊v6{essyd} ◊trans{exist} < v4 ◊v4{essyd} ◊trans{be} * ◊S exists. -> exist -> be * ◊S is at ◊|loc#|. -> be at * ◊|loc#| has ◊|S|. -> have -> possess * ◊|loc#| (non-solid object such as the sky) has the color ◊|S|. | Note that Ŋarâþ Crîþ v9 lacks any copula. This verb has an irregular conjugation for its inchoative form, ◊refword{eseþit}. @antonym telit # eseþit: verb intransitive eseþ i 0c {apn: efa eson esoþ esef iste ise sos essen esołar esaf esoła esołan espo eris efa eson esoþ esef iste ise sos essen esołar esaf esoła esołan espo eris} < ◊nc{es-} + ◊refword/l{eþit} * ◊S starts to exist. -> start to exist -> appear * ◊|loc#| receives ◊|S|. -> get -> receive | This verb is the inchoative form of ◊refword{eþit}. # telit: verb intransitive tel i 0c {apn: ce cen čaþ cef cjor cea ces cesen cełar cełaf ceła cełan cþon cir cel cins čaþis cesif tacel cjarel cerþ cinse ceris cełesaf cełal cełans ceþen cþaros} < v7 ◊v7{telit} * ◊S does not exist. -> not exist * ◊S is not at ◊|loc#|. * ◊|loc#| does not have ◊|S|. -> lack @antonym eþit # il: relational celestial adverbial dative_motion il < v6 ◊v6{yl} * ◊S is on top of ◊|O|. -> on -> on top of # es: relational celestial adverbial dative_motion es < v7 ◊v7{es} < v6 ◊v6{es} ◊trans{in, during} * ◊S is contained inside ◊|O|. -> inside -> within * ◊S is in progress of doing ◊|O|. -> -ing | ◊l1{es} can be used to indicate a progressive aspect, usually in the present tense. If it is in a finite form, it is then inflected in the imperfective aspect with static motion. @antonym car @confusable þon # car: relational celestial adverbial dative_motion car < v7 ◊v7{car} < v6 ◊v6{car} * ◊S is not inside ◊|O|. -> out of -> outside of @antonym es # ro: relational terrestrial adverbial locative ro < v7 ◊v7{ro} * Used to mark the former indirect object when the causative voice is applied on a ditransitive verb. | In Necarasso Cryssesa (v6), all verbs were classified as either intransitive or transitive. Thus, on a transitive verb, the causative voice formed a double object construction. Furthermore, it had a separate inflection for “indirect causatives”. The modern system of applying the causative voice was esablished in Ŋarâþ Crîþ v7. # dêt: relational terrestrial adnominal dative dêt < v7 ◊v7{dêt} < v6 ◊v6{dečyn} ◊trans{instead} * ◊S is preferred over ◊|O|; an action is done to ◊S in place of ◊|O|. -> instead of -> rather than ! fêdêt \\ instead, in exchange, on the other hand # nela: noun celestial singular 0 nel njol nel a < v7 ◊v7{nela} < v6 ◊v6{nela} * A large piece of furniture used for its flat surface. -> table # notat: verb semitransitive not a 0c < v7 ◊v7{notat} < v6 ◊v6{invetad} * ◊S walks to ◊|I|. -> walk * ◊S behaves like ◊|sembl#|. -> behave -> act # nôrit: verb intransitive nôr i 0c < v7 ◊v7{nôrit} < v6 ◊v6{endora} * ◊S has a small size. -> small * ◊S is young. -> young @antonym mervit @antonym šidrit # ar: relational celestial adverbial dative ar < v6 ◊v6{ar} < v4 ◊v4{aer} * ◊S has the destination of ◊|O|. -> to -> toward @antonym jas @confusable âŋa # jas: relational terrestrial adverbial dative jas < v6 ◊v6{eas} ◊trans{of, from} * ◊S has the origin of ◊|O|. -> from -> away from @antonym ar # têmit: verb ditransitive têm i 0n < v7 ◊v7{têmit} * ◊S causes ◊O to precipitate on ◊|I|. -> precipitate -> rain -> snow ! mêvan têmu. \\ It is raining. # mêva: noun celestial collective 0 mêv môv mêv a < v7 ◊v7{mêva} < v6 ◊v6{emeva} * -> rain * In the singulative, a drop of rain. -> raindrop @hyponym cþarpas # meva: noun celestial singular 0 mev mov mev a < v7 ◊v7{meva} < v6 ◊v6{meva} * A large body of water. -> ocean -> sea # sêna: relational celestial adverbial dative_motion sêna < v7 ◊v7{sêna} < v6 ◊v6{asena} * ◊S is higher than ◊|O|. -> above * In the nominalized form, the top part of ◊|gen#|. -> top @antonym desa # šitrit: verb intransitive šitr i 0n < v7 ◊v7{šitrit} < v6 ◊v6{šyldryd} (v4 ◊v4{syldryd}) * ◊S acts in a way to entertain oneself. -> play # þon: relational celestial adnominal dative_motion þon < v7 ◊v7{þon} * ◊S is in the midst of ◊O spatially. -> among -> within -> inside -> in the midst of * ◊S is at the middle of ◊O spatially. -> in the middle of -> middle @confusable es # mîr: relational terrestrial adverbial dative mîr < v7 ◊v7{mîr} < v6 ◊v6{myron} * ◊S occurs after ◊O temporally. -> after | If ◊O is a third-person generic ◊var{p}, then ◊O is implied to be “now”. @antonym tecto # tecto: relational celestial adverbial dative tecto < v7 ◊v7{tecto} < v6 ◊v6{tecto} * ◊S occurs before ◊O temporally. -> before -> prior to | If ◊O is a third-person generic ◊var{p}, then ◊O is implied to be “now”. @antonym mîr # falþos: noun terrestrial singular 7 falþ folþ falð < v7 ◊v7{falþos} ◊trans{(as LOC) soon, before long} * A short span of time. -> short time -> moment ! falþon’po fêmîr \\ soon, in a short time * In the genitive, lasting only a short span of time. -> short -> short-lived # afčit: verb semitransitive afč i 0v < v7 ◊v7{amčit} < v6 ◊v6{amalčyd} (v4 ◊v4{amaltyd}) * ◊S hopes or wishes for ◊|I|. -> hope -> wish -> want -> would like # elgren: noun celestial singular { singular elgren elgjor elgrin elgref elgranen elgranor elgrenin elgrenef elgres elgrecþ elgras elgresef elgrer elgreric elgrir elgrerif eši ešic ešin ešif esar esac esor esaf eþa eþac eþar ecþaf elgrit elgricte elgret elgricþ } < v7 ◊v7{elgren} * A place near the speaker. -> here -> this place | The genitive dual and plural forms are not eclipsed for this noun by influence of the existing ◊l0{-g-}. @antonym engren # engren: noun celestial singular { singular engren engjor engrin engref engranen engranor engrenin engrenef engres engrecþ engras engresef engrer engreric engrir engrerif eči ečic ečin ečif etar etac etor etaf eða eðac eðar egðaf engrit engricte engret engricþ } < v7 ◊v7{engren} * A place far from the speaker. -> there -> that place | The genitive dual and plural forms are not eclipsed for this noun by influence of the existing ◊l0{-g-}. @antonym elgren # relcor: noun terrestrial singular 8 relc rilc relc < v7 ◊v7{relcor} < v6 ◊v6{relcoros} * An appendage of an animal's body used for flight. -> wing # antar: noun celestial mass 3 ant ont and a < v7 ◊v7{antar} * The passage of events from the past to the future. -> time @confusable ðên @confusable antrelcor # ðên: noun celestial singular { singular ðên ðjôr ðen ðêf ðêl ðêlec ðîl ðêfen ðêns ðênca ðîns ðêfes ðêr ðêcrê ðîe ðêfin ðês ðêsac ðêser ðêsef ðêþeca ðêþehac ðêþecta ðêþecif ðêseþa ðêseþac ðêþeþa ðêþeþif ðit ðinte ðet ðicþ } < v7 ◊v7{ðên} < v6 ◊v6{den} * An instance or occurrence of some event. -> instance -> occurrence -> time @confusable antar @confusable antrelcor # antrelcor: noun terrestrial singular 8 antrelc antrilc antrelc < v7 ◊v7{antrelcor} < ◊v7{antar} (◊refword/l{antar}) + ◊v7{relcor} (◊refword/l{relcor}) * A period of time. -> age -> era -> period @confusable antar @confusable ðên # deren: noun celestial singular 5 dere dir den n e < v7 ◊v7{denren} < v6 ◊nc{dentren} * An animal, especially a wild animal. -> animal -> beast # valit: verb semitransitive val i 1e < ? * ◊S resides in or at ◊|I|. -> live -> reside -> dwell # tectantar: noun celestial singular 3 tectant tectont tectand a < ◊refword/l{tecto} + ◊refword/l{antar} * A point or period in time in the past. -> former times -> past # vonat: verb semitransitive von a 0c < v7 ◊v7{vonat} < v6 ◊v6{varmenead} * ◊S looks at ◊|I|. -> look at -> inspect -> look toward @synonym varmenat # cþiris: noun celestial mass 4 cþir cþis cþor cþil s e < v7 ◊v7{cþiris} * The space around ◊|gen#|. -> surroundings -> environs # endrit: verb semitransitive endr i 2n < v7 ◊v7{endrit} < v6 ◊v6{yndaryd} * ◊S leaves a place ◊|I|. -> leave -> exit # pečit: verb auxiliary peč i 0c < v7 ◊v7{pečit} < v6 ◊v6{pesčyd} (v4 ◊v4{pestyd}) * ◊|Š| avoids inadvertently doing ◊|T|. -> avoid -> not # anljat: verb transitive anlj a 0c < v7 ◊v7{anljat} < v6 ◊v6{anlead} * ◊S injures or damages ◊O physically. -> injure -> hurt -> harm -> damage # cþîf: noun celestial singular 5 cþî cþêm cþîm f o < v7 ◊v7{cþîm} < v6 ◊v6{acssyma} * A tool or weapon with a sharp edge. -> sword -> blade -> edge * A coin worth 2s 6d, usually depicting one or more swords on the reverse. -> half crown # morcþîf: noun celestial singular 5 morcþî morcþêm morcþîm f o < v7 ◊v7{morcþîm} < ◊v7{mortos} (◊refword/l{mortos}) + ◊v7{cþîm} (◊refword/l{cþîf}) * A handheld edged tool or weapon. -> knife # cþerit: verb ditransitive cþer i 1e < v7 ◊v7{cþerit} * ◊S conveys ◊|O| to ◊|I| by writing. -> write * With ◊refword{pentat}: ◊S is able to use ◊|O|. -> speak -> can speak # pentat: verb auxiliary pent a 0n < v7 ◊v7{pentat} < v6 ◊v6{pertenad} * ◊|Š| is able to ◊|T|. -> can -> able to -> possible -> capable of | This verb indicates situational or dynamic possibility. @antonym rjotat @antonym geðat @confusable racfit @confusable neħrit # racfit: verb auxiliary racf i 0e < v7 ◊v7{racfit} < ◊v7{racrit} (◊refword/l{racrit}) < ◊v6{orcryd} * ◊|Š| knows how to ◊|T|. -> can -> know how to | This verb indicates facultative possibility. @antonym cricþit @confusable pentat @confusable neħrit # łanat: verb auxiliary łan a 0c < v7 ◊v7{łanat} * ◊|Š| must do ◊|T|; ◊T is necessary. -> must -> have to -> necessary -> required -> obligated to -> ought to | This verb indicates deontic necessity. @antonym rečit # dân: !det dân < v7 ◊v7{dân} < v6 ◊v6{danen} * A small quantity. -> few -> little | This determiner triggers eclipsis in the head noun. @synonym dane @antonym mel # dane: noun celestial mass 0 dan don den e < v6 ◊v6{danen} ◊trans{few, little} * A small quantity of something. -> few things -> little | ◊nc{dane} is always the head. It cannot be made into a determiner by using the genitive form. @synonym dân @antonym denfo # resa: noun celestial mass 0 res ris red a < v6 ◊v6{resa} ◊trans{few things} < ◊v6{rese} ◊trans{few} * A minority. -> minority | ◊nc{resa} is always the head. It cannot be made into a determiner by using the genitive form. @antonym &denfo # triłit: verb ditransitive trił i 2e < v7 ◊v7{triłit} * ◊S recommends ◊I to do ◊|O| -> recommend -> advise -> suggest -> should # rislałir: noun celestial collective 3 rislał reslił rislal i < v7 ◊v7{rislałir} < v6 ◊v6{ryselos} ◊trans{ball} * A spherical object. -> ball # rislat: verb semitransitive risl a 0c < v7 ◊v7{rislat} < v6 ◊v6{ryselad} * ◊S moves by rolling toward ◊|I|. -> roll # enenčin: noun celestial collective 4 enenč enenč enont enent n e < v7 ◊v7{enenčin} < diminuitive of ◊v7{ener} (◊refword/l{ener}) < v6 ◊v6{ener} * A young tree. -> sapling * A newborn human or animal, less than half a year old for humans. -> baby -> newborn -> infant # ferna: noun human singular 0 fern firn fenl a < v7 ◊v7{ferna} < v6 ◊v6{ferna} * A human under twelve years old. -> child -> young person @hypernym nava # ciþnit: verb ditransitive ciþn i p:e 0c < v6 ◊v6{cynsso} ◊trans{with} + ◊v6{nyd} ◊trans{do} * ◊S collaborates with ◊I on ◊|O|. -> collaborate -> work together # relten: noun celestial collective 13 relt rilt rilt relt relt e < v7 ◊v7{relten} < v6 ◊v6{relten} * Small drops of water dispersed in the air. -> mist # lerjat: verb auxiliary lerj a 0n < v6 ◊v6{lerean} ◊trans{probable, likely} * ◊T is likely to occur. -> likely -> probably # feŋit: verb intransitive feŋ i 0c < v7 ◊v7{feŋit} * ◊S has a faded or desaturated color. -> faded -> desaturated -> pale * ◊|S|’s image is blurred or murky. -> blurred -> hazy -> fuzzy -> murky -> faint * ◊S decreases in visibility or intensity. -> fade ! feŋit šonat \\ fade away, clear away, vanish # šonat: verb auxiliary šon a 0n < v7 ◊v7{šonat} < ◊v7{šino} (◊refword/l{šino}) * ◊T is done completely. -> completely -> entirely -> thoroughly # nalda: noun celestial singular 0 nald nold nald a < v7 ◊v7{nalda} < v6 ◊v6{nalda} * The boundary between the interior and exterior of ◊|gen#|. -> edge -> border -> boundary -> brim * A bound on the quantity of ◊|gen#|. -> bound -> limit ! noldeþa \\ infinite, unbounded # nalfit: verb transitive nalf i 0v < v7 ◊v7{nalfit} * ◊S grows in ◊|O| -> grow ! naldai ar nalfit \ grow to the edges \ overgrow # vescþit: verb semitransitive vescþ i 0v < v7 ◊v7{vescþit} * ◊I finds ◊S aesthetically attractive. -> beautiful -> handsome -> attractive -> lovely -> attract | ◊S can be an animate being or an inanimate object. | Necarasso Cryssesa had the adjective ◊v6{ernesla} for the meaning where (◊dagger) plays the same role as the ◊S of ◊nc{vescþit}. This was, of course, a travesty, as the word had no ◊l3{x͡θ}, and the problem was rectified in Ŋarâþ Crîþ v7. # sende: noun celestial mass 0 send nið send e < v7 ◊v7{sende} < v6 ◊v6{saenten} ◊trans{early} * An early time. -> early -> soon # derðat: verb transitive derð a 0n < v7 ◊v7{derðat} * ◊S disturbs or distracts ◊|O|. -> disturb -> distract -> bother -> annoy # þaspe: noun celestial singular 0 þasp þesp þav e < v7 ◊v7{þaspe} < v6 ◊v6{sas}? * The state of being organized. -> order * An organization. -> organization # dals: noun terrestrial mass 11 da tol seld ls < ? * The state of obeying the law and following social norms. -> order ! tolas eþit \ be at order \ ◊S maintains or upholds ◊nc{dals} for oneself; ◊S obeys the law # elnat: verb transitive eln a 3c < v6 ◊v6{elnar} ◊trans{straight, orderly} < ◊v6{elan} ◊trans{line} * ◊S does ◊O in a neat and orderly way. -> neat -> orderly # varešit: verb semitransitive vareš i 0e < v7 ◊v7{varešit} < v6 ◊v6{varacrešyd} < ◊v6{var-} (volitional affix) + ◊v6{crešyd} ◊trans{hear} * ◊S listens to ◊I (someone speaking). -> listen to * ◊S reads ◊I (author or written work) carefully. # rjotat: verb auxiliary rjot a 0c < v7 ◊v7{rjotat} < v6 ◊v6{reotad} ◊trans{break, fail} * ◊|Š| fails to ◊|T|. -> fail to * ◊|Š| is unable to ◊|T|. -> cannot -> unable | This verb indicates the lack of ◊em{situational} possibility. @synonym geðat @antonym pentat @confusable velrjotat # geðat: verb auxiliary geð a 0n < v7 ◊v7{geðat} * ◊|Š| is unable to ◊|T|. -> cannot -> unable | This verb indicates the lack of ◊em{dynamic} possibility. @synonym rjotat @antonym pentat @confusable velrjotat @confusable cricþit # tersat: verb auxiliary ters a 0e < v7 ◊v7{tersat} < v6 ◊v6{ternesad} ◊trans{fight verbally, argue} * ◊|Š| insists against doing ◊|T|. -> refuse to @confusable velrjotat # sar: noun celestial singular 5 sa sir sal r e < v7 ◊v7{sar} < v6 ◊v6{sar} * A tangible entity or object. -> thing -> entity -> object * An indefinite entity or object, especially when qualified by a modifier. -> one ! naðasan salin renþa. \\ I want the green one. @confusable forþ # ŋarâþ crîþ: noun celestial singular (5 ŋarâ ŋôrþ ŋal þ a | 11 crî crîlþ clîþ þ) < v7 ◊v7{ŋarâþ crîþ} ◊trans{forest language} < calque of v6 ◊v6{Necarasso Cryssesa} * One of the constructed languages created by +merlan #flirora. -> Ŋarâþ Crîþ # tfel: relational terrestrial adnominal dative_motion ~abessive tfel < v7 ◊v7{tfełel} * ◊S is on the other side of ◊O relative to ◊|O2|. -> across -> on the other side of # reflit: verb semitransitive refl i p:i 2c < v7 ◊v7{reflit} * ◊S surprises or impresses ◊|I|; ◊I is surprised or impressed by ◊|S|. -> surprise -> impress -> impressive # cjarfon: noun terrestrial singular 9 cjarf cirf cefl < v7 ◊v7{cjarfon} * A palace, especially built for a ruler. -> palace * Metaphorically, political rule or power. # nelat: verb intransitive nel a 0e < v7 ◊v7{nelat} * ◊S is lost. -> be lost -> wander # mjôr: noun terrestrial singular 11 mjô jârm mjêl r < v7 ◊v7{mjôr} < v6 ◊v6{mjoros} (v4 ◊v4{mioros}) * -> wolf # cereþ: noun celestial singular 2 cer cir cel e < v7 ◊v7{cereþ} < v6 ◊v6{ceress} * A building meant to be lived in. -> house -> home # cermjôr: noun terrestrial singular 11 cermjô cerjârm cermjêl r < v7 ◊v7{cermjôr} < ◊v7{cereþ} (◊refword/l{cereþ}) + ◊v7{mjôr} (◊refword/l{mjôr}) * -> dog # čil: relational celestial adverbial dative_motion čil < v7 ◊v7{čil} < v6 ◊v6{čyl} * ◊S is on a vertical surface ◊|O|. -> on * ◊O is of the color ◊|S|. # magen: noun celestial mass 13 mag mag vroħ vreħ mag e < v7 ◊v7{magen} * The color transparent. -> transparent @synonym mirþit # mirþit: verb intransitive mirþ i 0c < v7 ◊v7{mirþit} * ◊S is transparent. -> transparent @synonym magen # crîna: noun celestial mass 0 crîn crîn crênd a < v7 ◊v7{crîna} < v6 ◊v6{acrynala} * The color black. -> black * The characteristic of being dark. -> darkness @antonym ineþa # ineþa: noun celestial mass 0 ineþ inoþ ineð a < v7 ◊v7{ineþa} < v6 ◊v6{yrnessa} * The color white. -> white * The characteristic of being pale. -> pale @antonym crîna # ceaþ: noun celestial mass 2 ce ŋaš ces a < v7 ◊v7{ceaþ} < v6 ◊v6{cenerssa} * The color red. -> red @synonym cenþit # cenþit: verb intransitive cenþ i 0c < v7 ◊v7{cenþit} < v6 ◊v6{cenerssa} * ◊S is red. -> red @synonym ceaþ # naðasit: verb intransitive naðas i 0c < v7 ◊v7{naðasit} < v6 ◊v6{nasatesa} (strictly ◊trans{blue}, rather than ◊trans{green}) < descriptive form of ◊v6{Nasator} * ◊S is green or blue. -> green -> blue -> grue # tfora: noun celestial mass 0 tfor tfos tfel a < v7 ◊v7{tfora} < v6 ◊v6{dendryna}? * The color yellow. -> yellow # criþat: verb intransitive criþ a 0n < v7 ◊v7{criþat} * ◊S is not true. -> false -> incorrect -> wrong * ◊S is not real. -> fake @antonym refat # criþnava: noun celestial singular 0 criþnav criþnev criþnav a < v7 ◊v7{criþnava} < ◊v7{criþat} (◊refword/l{criþat}) + ◊v7{nava} (◊refword/l{nava}) * An object made to look like a human. -> doll # clačit: verb transitive clač i 0c < v7 ◊v7{clačit} < v6 ◊v6{elcaršyd} ◊trans{break down, topple}? * ◊S renders ◊O into pieces in a way that cannot easily be reversed, especially when ◊O is no longer useful as a result. -> break -> fracture -> shatter -> tear apart # rilþit: verb intransitive rilþ i 0c < v7 ◊v7{rilþit} < v6 ◊v6{rylssyd} (in the sense of ◊trans{rest} rather than ◊trans{sleep}) * ◊S rests or sleeps. -> rest -> sleep -> asleep # setat: verb intransitive set a 0c < v7 ◊v7{setat} < v6 ◊v6{sete} * ◊S is calm. -> calm -> gentle -> peaceful -> serene -> relaxed * ◊S does not make much noise. -> quiet # nelrit: verb transitive nelr i 0c < v7 ◊v7{nelrit} < v6 ◊v6{nelryd} * ◊S chases ◊|O|. -> chase -> pursue ! annêrþon nelrit \\ ◊O is affected by a negative thought @synonym vrigat # annêrþon: noun terrestrial singular 9 annêrþ annôrþ annêld < v7 ◊v7{annêrþon} < ◊v7{an-} ◊trans{?} + ◊v7{nêrþon} (◊refword/l{nêrþon}) * An evil spirit. * Metaphorically, a negative thought. # nêrþon: noun terrestrial singular 9 nêrþ nôrþ nêld < v7 ◊v7{nêrþon} < v6 ◊v6{neresson} * An intangible supernatural being, especially of a dead person. -> spirit -> ghost * More generally, any supernatural being. # sarat: verb transitive sar a 0e < v7 ◊v7{sarat} * ◊S acquires knowledge (about) ◊|O|. -> learn -> find out # sarałes: noun celestial singular 1 sarał sareł saral e < v7 ◊v7{sarałes} < location derivation of ◊v7{sarat} (◊refword/l{sarat}) * A place where one learns something. -> school | Note that this word is used only to refer to the place, not the process of being at that place. # ninłit: verb transitive ninł i 0v < v7 ◊v7{ninłit} * ◊S goes to ◊O habitually. -> attend @confusable nelsit # carðit: verb semitransitive carð i 0c < v7 ◊v7{carðir} ◊trans{visitor} * ◊S goes to ◊I for sightseeing. -> visit -> tour -> go sightseeing # tfaþo: noun celestial singular 0 tfaþ tfoþ tfad o < v7 ◊v7{tfaþo} < v6 ◊v6{metraspo} * -> village -> town ! tfaþos þon \ amidst the town \ in the downtown area # mârit: verb semitransitive mâr i 0c < v7 ◊v7{mârit} < v6 ◊v6{marčyd} (v4 ◊v4{martyd}) * ◊S waits for ◊|I|. -> wait # cþar: relational celestial adnominal dative_motion cþar < ◊refword/l{cþiris} < v7 ◊v7{cþiris} * ◊S surrounds ◊|O|. -> around -> surrounding # senar: noun celestial singular 3 sen šin send a < v7 ◊v7{senar} < v6 ◊v6{senar} * -> fire ! senar eþit \\ there is a burning sensation in one’s ◊|loc#|; ◊|loc#| is burnt or inflamed ! senai relcor \\ a flame # arato: noun celestial singular 0 arat arit aras o < v7 ◊v7{arato} < v6 ◊v6{arato} * A military camp or base. -> camp -> base # cfirnica: noun celestial singular 0 cfirnic cfirnic cfirnic a < v6 ◊v6{cvyrnyca} ◊trans{cloth} * A portable shelter, especially one made of cloth or hide. -> tent # cfirnicat: verb semitransitive cfirnic a 4c < ◊refword/l{cfirnica} ◊trans{tent} * ◊S lives temporarily in a place ◊|I|. -> camp # searnit: verb transitive searn i 0c < v7 ◊v7{searnit} * ◊S sits down on ◊|O|. -> sit down # cþîšat: verb transitive cþîš a 0n < v7 ◊v7{cþîšat} * ◊S is near ◊|O| spatially. -> near -> close * ◊S is familiar with ◊|O|. -> familiar @antonym ecljat # cþeris: noun celestial singular 4 cþer ceþr cþer cþel s i < v7 ◊v7{cþeris} < v6 ◊v6{csserys} * -> door -> gate # melco: noun human singular 0 melc melc melg o < v7 ◊v7{melco} * The parent of ◊|gen#| with the same gender as ◊|gen#|. -> parallel parent -> mother -> father @antonym tfoso @antonym nanda @hypernym gðenir # tfoso: noun human singular 0 tfos tfos tfod o < v7 ◊v7{tfoso} * The parent of ◊|gen#| with the opposite gender as ◊|gen#|. -> cross parent -> mother -> father @antonym melco @antonym laroþ @hypernym gðenir # nanda: noun human singular 0 nand nend nand a < v7 ◊v7{namda} * An offspring of ◊|gen#| with the same gender as ◊|gen#|. -> parallel child -> son -> daughter @antonym laroþ @antonym melco # laroþ: noun human singular 2 lar lar łal o < v7 ◊v7{laroþ} * An offspring of ◊|gen#| with the opposite gender as ◊|gen#|. -> cross child -> son -> daughter @antonym nanda @antonym tfoso # armo: noun human singular 0 arm orm afl o < v7 ◊v7{armo} * A sibling of ◊|gen#| with the same gender as ◊|gen#|. -> parallel sibling -> brother -> sister @antonym melsas # melsas: noun human singular 1 mels mils meld a < v7 ◊v7{melsas} * A sibling of ◊|gen#| with the opposite gender as ◊|gen#|. -> cross sibling -> brother -> sister @antonym armo # *moganit: verb intransitive *mogan i 0c < v7 ◊v7{*moganit} * ◊S is male. -> male @antonym *sedapat # *sedapat: verb intransitive *sedap a 0c < v7 ◊v7{*sedapat} * ◊S is female. -> female @antonym *moganit # čêrca: noun human singular 0 čêrc čêrc čêlc a < v7 ◊v7{črêca} < v6 ◊v6{rečyrca} ◊trans{flower} (v4 ◊v4{retyrca}) * A person between twelve and eighteen years of age. -> young person -> youth -> adolescent -> teenager @hypernym nava # vesrat: verb intransitive vesr a 0e < v7 ◊v7{vesrat} < v6 ◊v6{vesro} * ◊S is physically strong. -> strong -> powerful * ◊S is concentrated. -> concentrated -> intense -> severe # ivina: noun celestial collective 0 ivin ivon ivend a < v7 ◊v7{ivina} < v6 ◊v6{iplymos} * -> mushroom # mečit: verb transitive meč i 0c < v7 ◊v7{mečit} < v6 ◊v6{refečyd}? (v4 ◊v4{refetyd}) * ◊S searches for ◊|O|. -> search for -> look for * ◊S finds ◊|O|. -> find -> discover # mirit: verb ditransitive mir i 0c < v7 ◊v7{mirit} < ◊v7{mir-} (comparative prefix) * ◊S is greater than ◊O by a margin of ◊|I|. -> greater than -> more than -> larger than -> exceed @antonym łavrit # łavrit: verb ditransitive łavr i 0c < v7 ◊v7{łavrit} < ◊v7{ła-} (comparative prefix) * ◊S is less than ◊O by a margin of ◊|I|. -> less than -> smaller than -> fall short of @antonym mirit # peŋan: relational celestial adverbial polymorphic peŋan < v7 ◊v7{peŋan} < ? * Used to mark the compared object in an equal comparison. | This relational is used only in an adverbial context. # vadon: noun terrestrial collective 9 vad vod vad < v7 ◊v7{vadon} * Any kind of starchy tuber. # îþ: relational celestial adverbial genitive îþ < v6 ◊v6{iss} (superlative particle) < v4 ◊v4{iss} (definite article) * ◊S performs an action to the greatest extent in or among ◊|O|. -> most | This relational is used only in an adverbial context. # ragit: verb intransitive rag i 0c < v7 ◊v7{ragit} * ◊S is separated from the ground by a large distance. -> high * ◊S has a large height. -> tall # rasco: noun celestial singular 0 rasc resc rasc o < v7 ◊v7{rasco} * A group of people who are related to each other and live together. -> family * The set of people to whom ◊|gen#| is related, collectively. -> family # šidrit: verb intransitive šidr i 0c < v7 ◊v7{šidrit} < v6 ◊v6{šydro} (v4 ◊v4{sydro}) * ◊S (a living being) is old. -> old -> elderly @antonym nôrit # lê: !det lê < v7 ◊v7{lê} < v6 ◊v6{ele} * A proximal demonstrative determiner. -> this | Used for celestial and human noun phrases; triggers eclipsis in the head noun if directly adjacent. @synonym el @antonym tê # tê: !det tê < v7 ◊v7{tê} < v6 ◊v6{emte} * A distal demonstrative determiner. -> that | Used for celestial and human noun phrases; triggers eclipsis in the head noun if directly adjacent. @synonym om @antonym lê # el: !det el < v7 ◊v7{el} < v6 ◊v6{ele} * A proximal demonstrative determiner. -> this | Used for terrestrial noun phrases. @synonym lê @antonym om # om: !det om < v7 ◊v7{om} < v6 ◊v6{emte} * A distal demonstrative determiner. -> that | Used for terrestrial noun phrases. @synonym tê @antonym el # ela: noun celestial singular 0 el elr el a < v7 ◊v7{ela} < v6 ◊v6{ela} < v4 ◊v4{elsa} * An object near the speaker. -> this thing | Used for celestial referents. @synonym elos @synonym eltan @antonym enta # elos: noun terrestrial singular 7 el elr el < v7 ◊v7{ela} < v6 ◊v6{ela} < v4 ◊v4{elsa} * An object near the speaker. -> this thing | Used for terrestrial referents. @synonym ela @synonym eltan @antonym entos # eltan: noun human singular 11 elta eln enl n < v7 ◊v7{elan} < v6 ◊v6{ela} < v4 ◊v4{elsa} * A person near the speaker. -> this person | Used for human referents. @synonym ela @synonym elos @antonym eften # enta: noun celestial singular 0 ent ont ens a < v7 ◊v7{emta} < v6 ◊v6{emta} * An object far from the speaker. -> that thing | Used for celestial referents. @synonym entos @synonym eften @antonym ela # entos: noun terrestrial singular 7 ent ont ens < v7 ◊v7{emta} < v6 ◊v6{emta} * An object far from the speaker. -> that thing | Used for terrestrial referents. @synonym enta @synonym eften @antonym elos # eften: noun human singular 13 eft ift rift reft evr e < v7 ◊v7{emtan} < v6 ◊v6{emta} * A person far from the speaker. -> that person | Used for human referents. @synonym enta @synonym entos @antonym eltan # ħelit: verb intransitive ħel i 0c < v7 ◊v7{ħelit} * The proximal demonstrative pro-verb. -> do this -> do so | This verb can take any valency except the auxiliary, according to the verb it replaces. # gðenit: verb transitive gðen i 1c < v7 ◊v7{gðenit} < v6 ◊v6{crenaryd} ◊trans{be born} * ◊S gives birth to ◊|O|. -> give birth -> bear -> born | The subject can refer to either or both parents of the child. # torait: verb intransitive tora i 2e < v7 ◊v7{torait} < v6 ◊v6{tonrayd} * ◊S dances. -> dance # roc: relational celestial adverbial dative roc < v7 ◊v7{roc} * ◊S exists to the benefit of ◊|O|. -> on behalf of -> for * ◊S is done with the goal of doing ◊|O|. -> in order to * Used alone in an independent clause phrase to celebrate ◊|O|. -> here’s to * When used as an independent clause phrase with ◊|O| being a nominalized verb phrase, forms an optative meaning. -> may | Takes the form ◊refword/l{rille} if ◊O has the clitic ◊l1{=’moc}. @synonym rille # rille: relational celestial adverbial dative rille < v7 ◊v7{rille} * Alternate form of ◊refword{roc} when ◊O has the clitic ◊l1{=’moc}. @synonym roc # gevat: verb auxiliary gev a 0n < v4 ◊v4{gevad} (future tense marker) * ◊Š is able and willing to do ◊|T|. -> can -> able to -> will | This verb is used in questions to make a request, but it is not used in an answer to such a request. To answer a request such as ◊l1{ša cehit geves?}, one would answer ◊l1{cehe.} to accept the request. If the listener were not able to go, then they might answer ◊l1{cehit rjota.}. # cþirol: noun human singular 6 cþir cþał cþal o < ◊refword/l{cþiris} + ◊nc{-ol} * Someone who lives near where ◊|gen#| lives. -> neighbor # nîs: relational terrestrial adverbial dative nîs < v6 ◊v6{nysos} ◊trans{for, through} * ◊S exists or moves through ◊|O|. -> through -> throughout -> across * ◊S spans a period of time ◊|O|. -> during -> while -> through -> throughout -> for | When describing a span of time, the action does not need to occur continuously over that time by default (although this interpretation is not ruled out either). For instance, ◊l1{envai prênos nîs nemins mênčirista.} (◊trans{They have been eating apples for three days.}) does not necessarily imply that the people involved ate apples nonstop for that period of time. On the other hand, the relational modifier ◊l1{pâ} implies that the action is continuous in this way. # arcas: noun celestial mass 1 arc eric orga a < v7 ◊v7{arcas} < v6 ◊v6{arcas} < ◊v6{arcyn} ◊trans{ice} (◊refword/l{arcin}) * The coldest season of the year. -> winter # aricit: verb semitransitive aric i 1c < v7 ◊v7{aricit} * ◊S is at a place other than ◊I temporarily. -> away from -> absent # nemir: noun celestial singular 3 nem nim nem i < v7 ◊v7{nemir} < v6 ◊v6{nemyr} * -> apple # nespat: verb auxiliary nesp a p:o 0n < v7 ◊v7{nepsat} < v6 ◊v6{nepsa} ◊trans{again} * ◊Š does ◊T habitually. -> habitually | A habitual action is usually implicitly conveyed with the imperfective aspect, but this verb can be used to convey habituality explicitly. # veliša: noun human singular 0 veliš veloš velit a < v7 ◊v7{veliša} * A person to whom ◊|gen#| is married. -> spouse -> husband -> wife # ŋačat: verb semitransitive ŋač a 0e < v7 ◊v7{ŋačat} < v6 ◊v6{gantead} * ◊S crosses ◊I from (◊refword/l{jas}) to (◊refword/l{ar}). -> cross -> span * When followed by a serial verb describing an action with a goal, the action done by ◊S takes an amount of time ◊|I|; in the imperfective, the action has been ongoing for an amount of time ◊|I|. In this case, this verb is in the past imperfective. -> for * ◊S has done ◊|I|. Indicates the experiential aspect; always takes the direct aspect. -> have -> before # mener: noun celestial singular 3 men mjon mend e < v7 ◊v7{mener} < v6 ◊v6{mender} * A concept describing the quantity of something. -> number * A word describing a number. -> numeral # rirens: noun celestial singular 5 rire rinl rint ns a < v6 ◊v6{ryrenten} * A unit of time equivalent to 1/48 of a ◊refword/l{cenðos}. -> ~0.792 seconds # cenðos: noun terrestrial singular 7 cenð cind cend < ? * A unit of time equivalent to 1/48 of an ◊refword/l{elva}. -> ~38 seconds # elva: noun celestial singular 0 elv lev lev a < v7 ◊v7{elva} * A unit of time equivalent to 1/48 of an ◊refword/l{enva}. -> ~30.4 minutes # šison: noun terrestrial mass 9 šis šes šit < v6 ◊v6{šyson} (v4 ◊v4{syson}) * The complete duration of ◊|gen#|. -> always -> all the time -> all times | Using ◊l1{šison} with ◊refword/l{nîs} to describe an action happening continuously throughout a span of time is grammatical, but it is more idiomatic to use the relational modifier ◊l1{pâ} on ◊l1{nîs} instead. # crešit: verb transitive creš i 0c < v7 ◊v7{crešit} < v6 ◊v6{acrešyd} (v4 ◊v4{acresyd}) * ◊S senses ◊O by sound. -> hear # crešarat: verb ditransitive crešar a 0e < ◊nc{crešit} ◊trans{hear} + ◊nc{sarat} ◊trans{learn, find out} * ◊S acquires information ◊O by hearsay from ◊|I|. -> hear -> overhear # *maþit: verb semitransitive *maþ i 0c < ? * ◊S abstains from consuming ◊|I|. -> abstain # cjašit: verb semitransitive cjaš i 0c < v7 ◊v7{cjašit} < v6 ◊v6{cjaršyd} < v5 ◊v5{caršyd} (v4 ◊v4{carsyd}) * ◊S falls toward or into ◊|I|. -> fall * ◊S (an event) begins at the time of ◊|I|. -> begin -> start -> occur -> happen # cajos: noun terrestrial mass 7 caj coj cad < v7 ◊v7{cajos} * The surface of the earth. -> ground -> floor * The bottom interior part of something. * Soil. -> earth -> soil # rendat: verb auxiliary rend a 0c < v7 ◊v7{rendat} < v6 ◊v6{retnead} * ◊Š desires that ◊T happens. -> want to -> wish to -> desire to -> would like to @antonym fonat # vaðit: verb ditransitive vað i 0c < v7 ◊v7{vaðit} * ◊S receives ◊O from ◊I in an exchange. -> buy | Often used with ◊refword{orłat}. @antonym orłat # orłat: verb ditransitive orł a 0e < v7 ◊v7{orłat} * ◊S gives ◊O to ◊I in an exchange. -> sell | Often used with ◊refword{vaðit}. @antonym vaðit # velcit: verb intransitive velc i 0c < v7 ◊v7{velcit} * ◊S is dirty. -> dirty -> filthy * ◊S is worn from age. -> worn -> tattered | This verb is used for inanimate objects with long expected lifetimes (such as clothing or tools). @antonym fenrat # genat: verb intransitive gen a 2v < v6 ◊v6{genas} * ◊S (food or water) is dirty. -> dirty | This verb is used for the presence of dirt and such, and not for spoilage of food due to age. @antonym fenrat # iširit: verb auxiliary išir i 2c < v6 ◊v6{yšyra} ◊trans{slight} * ◊T is true at least slightly. -> at least slightly -> not (quite) un- | In English, negating a gradable adjective does not produce the same meaning as using its antonym. For instance, ◊trans{not big} is not synonymous with ◊trans{small}, as the former includes ‘medium-sized’ objects while the latter does not. Since Ŋarâþ Crîþ lacks negation, the former expression would be translated as ◊l1{nôrit iširit} – ◊trans{at least slightly small}. # ema: relational celestial adnominal dative ema < v6 ◊v6{enman} ◊trans{different} * ◊S is not equal to ◊|O|. -> different -> is not -> unequal -> other than | The nominalized forms of this relational are not often used; ◊refword{aliþ} is used for this purpose instead. @antonym censit @confusable cor # *failen: noun celestial singular 13 *fail *fail *feil *feil *fail e < ? * -> tangerine -> mandarin # varit: verb transitive var i 0c < v7 ◊v7{varit} * ◊S is a member of the set of ◊|O|s. -> be one of -> be @antonym cor @confusable censit # cor: relational celestial adnominal dative cor < ◊refword/l{car} * ◊S is not a member of the set of ◊|O|s. -> not one of @antonym varit @confusable ema # vil.intj: !intj vil < ◊nc{vil} ◊trans{one} < v7 ◊v7{vil} < v6 ◊v6{vyl} * Indicates that what was asked is true. -> yes -> no | This word is equivalent to the Japanese ◊ja{はい}. @antonym ces.intj # ces.intj: !intj ces < ◊nc{ces} ◊trans{zero} < v7 ◊v7{ces} < v6 ◊v6{ces} * Indicates that what was asked is false. -> no -> yes | This word is equivalent to the Japanese ◊ja{いいえ}. @antonym vil.intj @confusable perin.intj # refat: verb intransitive ref a 0c < v7 ◊v7{refat} * ◊S is true. -> true -> accurate -> correct * ◊S is genuine. -> real -> genuine @antonym criþat # fonat: verb auxiliary fon a 0n < v7 ◊v7{fonat} * ◊Š has no desire for ◊|T| to happen. -> not want to | This verb indicates only a lack of desire to do something, not a desire against doing something. For the latter, use a negative verb such as ◊refword{pečit} along with ◊refword{rendat}. @antonym rendat # fovat: verb transitive fov a 0n < v7 ◊v7{fovat} * ◊S does not want to acquire ◊|O|. -> not want | This verb indicates only a lack of desire to obtain something, not a desire against obtaining something. @antonym renþat # renþat: verb transitive renþ a 0n < v7 ◊v7{renþat} * ◊S wants to acquire ◊|O|. -> want -> desire -> wish for ! têŋon renþat \ want food \ be hungry @antonym fovat # garit: verb auxiliary gar i 0c < v7 ◊v7{garit} * ◊Š stops oneself from doing ◊|T|. -> refrain from -> abstain from -> not | This is the negative verb most frequently used to express the prohibitive. # vandrit: verb auxiliary vandr i 0c < v7 ◊v7{vandrit} < v6 ◊v6{var-} (volitional affix) + ◊v6{yndaryd} ◊trans{leave} * ◊Š leaves something uninvolved in an action ◊|T|. -> leave un- -> not ! ferna lavanþ mênčat vandraþ. \\ The child left the bread uneaten. # lava: noun celestial collective 0 lav lov lav a < v7 ◊v7{lava} < v6 ◊v6{lasva} * A baked product made with leavened dough. -> bread # fenrat: verb intransitive fenr a 2n < v7 ◊v7{fenrat} < v6 ◊v6{fernor} ◊trans{clean, pure} * ◊S is free of filth or contamination. -> clean -> pure @antonym velcit @antonym genat # neftrit: verb transitive neftr i 0c < v6 ◊v6{nepteryd} ◊trans{return} * ◊S declines a request or demand ◊|O|. -> decline -> refuse -> reject -> turn down # mirat: verb ditransitive mir a 1e < v7 ◊v7{mirat} < v6 ◊v6{myrad} * ◊S takes ◊|O| from ◊|I|. -> take -> steal # varacrit: verb transitive varacr i 0c < v7 ◊v7{varacrit} < ◊v7{var-} (volitional affix) + ◊v7{racrit} (◊refword/l{racrit}) * ◊S remembers ◊|O|. -> remember -> recall # corþ: noun celestial mass 5 co colþ corð rþ a < v7 ◊v7{corþ} * The property of being certain or sure. -> certainty * In the locative direct, with certainty. -> surely -> certainly -> absolutely # vrasit: verb auxiliary vras i 0c < v7 ◊v7{vrasit} * ◊T is inferred to happen. -> must | This verb indicates epistemic necessity. # þarat: verb auxiliary þar a 1c < v7 ◊v7{þarat} * ◊T is inferred to possibly happen. -> perhaps -> might -> may | This verb indicates epistemic possibility. # felja: noun celestial singular 0 felj folj fel a < ? * An idea conceptually close to the speaker. -> this idea * Refers to an earlier piece of speech. @antonym fetja # fetja: noun celestial singular 0 fetj fot fed a < ? * An idea conceptually far from the speaker. -> that idea * Refers to an earlier piece of speech. @antonym felja # aliþ: noun celestial mass 2 al elr ał i < v7 ◊v7{aliþ} * Used as the possessor of a possessive construction to mean ◊trans{something other than (possessee)}. -> something other than -> not # lor: noun celestial singular 11 la laŋ leħ r < ? * A group of one or more persons that collectively makes decisions as a person would. -> entity | This includes not only individual persons but also organizations such as governments or companies. # cenþ: noun celestial singular { singular cenþ cenþ cemar cemu cemen cemas cemas ceman cemi cemic cemir cemase cema gcemac gcemo ceme ces cesor cis cesef ceŋa ceŋac ciŋa ceŋaf cinþa cinþac cinþa cinþaf cemit cjorto cit cemicþ } < v7 ◊v7{cem} * Oneself. -> self -> myself -> yourself -> himself -> herself -> itself -> ourselves -> yourselves -> themselves * Creates an emphatic pronoun when given a possessive clitic. # nadenva: !intj nadenva < v6 ◊v6{nadenva} < ◊v6{nade} ◊trans{good} + ◊v6{enva} ◊trans{day} * Used as a greeting. -> hello -> hi * An expression of parting. -> goodbye -> farewell | This is more informal than ◊refword{cenpe}. @synonym cenpe @synonym tormec @antonym tormec # cenpe: !intj cenpe < v7 ◊v7{cem’pe} (first-person emphatic pronoun) < ◊v7{cem} + ◊v7{=’pe} * Used as a greeting. -> hello -> hi | This is more formal than ◊refword{nadenva}. @synonym nadenva @antonym tormec # pen: noun celestial singular { singular pen pen penar penaf penen penas penas penas peni penic penir penef pena vpenac vpeno penaf pes pesor pis pesac peŋa peŋac piŋa peŋaf pineþ pinþac pinþa pinþaf pedit pjorto pit pedecþ } < v7 ◊v7{pen} * An interrogative pronoun. -> what? -> who? @synonym meel # mervit: verb intransitive merv i 0c < v7 ◊v7{mervit} < v6 ◊v6{merva} * ◊S has a large size. -> large -> big @antonym nôrit @hyponym gadosit # mjena: noun celestial collective 0 mjen mjon men a < ? * A fruit or a nut. -> fruit -> nut # cełirat: verb semitransitive cełir a 1e < v7 ◊v7{cełirat} * ◊S tastes sweet to ◊|I|. -> sweet # evrit: verb ditransitive evr i 0c < v7 ◊v7{evrit} < v6 ◊v6{evryd} * ◊S produces an air current ◊O toward ◊|I|, possibly moving ◊|I| in the process. -> blow @hypernym nerlit # avona: noun celestial mass 0 avon aven anv a < v7 ◊v7{avona} < v6 ◊v6{avona} * The mixture of gases that compose the earth’s atmosphere. -> air * A current of moving air. -> wind @hyponym velšavona # velšit: verb intransitive velš i 0c < v7 ◊v7{velšit} * ◊S changes its location or configuration in space. -> move @hyponym nelsit # velšavona: noun celestial singular 0 velšavon velšaven velšanv a < ◊refword/l{velšit} + ◊refword/l{avona} * A current of moving air. -> wind @hypernym avona # etor: relational terrestrial adverbial dative_motion etor < v7 ◊v7{etor} < v6 ◊v6{etor} * ◊S exists in front of ◊O spatially. -> in front of -> before # nagrat: verb transitive nagr a 0n < v7 ◊v7{nagrat} * ◊S catches a moving object ◊|O|. -> catch * ◊S wins ◊|O| (a competition or game). -> win @antonym sârit # nerła: relational celestial adverbial dative_motion nerła < v6 ◊v6{nerlla} * ◊S is located between two or more instances of ◊|O| spatially. -> between # mesa: relational celestial adverbial dative mesa < v7 ◊v7{mesa} * ◊S (an activity) occurs between two or more instances or parts of ◊|O|, in both directions. -> between # rjas: relational celestial adverbial dative rjas < v6 ◊v6{ar} ◊trans{toward} + ◊v6{eas} ◊trans{away from} * ◊S (an activity) occurs between two or more instances or parts of ◊|O|, in a single direction. -> between -> (in transit) from ~ to ~ # cemat: verb ditransitive cem a 0c < v7 ◊v7{cemat} * ◊S gives ◊I to ◊|O|. -> give ! morteþoc rjas cemat \ give between hands \ ◊S hands over ◊I to ◊|O|; ◊S passes ◊I to ◊|O| # sârit: verb transitive sâr i n:ê p:î 0c < v7 ◊v7{sarit} < v6 ◊v6{saerayd} ◊trans{emit, release} * ◊S relinquishes its grip over ◊|O|. -> release -> let go of @antonym nagrat # verat: verb auxiliary ver a 0c < v7 ◊v7{verat} * ◊Š intends to ◊|T|. -> intend to -> plan to -> will # anhia: noun celestial mass 0 anhi anes anih a < v7 ◊v7{anhia} * -> joy -> pleasure -> happiness # anhit: verb semitransitive anh i 0c < v7 ◊v7{anhit} < ◊v7{anhia} (◊refword/l{anhia}) * ◊S is pleasing or enjoyable to ◊|I|. -> please -> enjoy -> like * ◊I feels joy from ◊|S|, -> enjoy -> happy @synonym tesarit @synonym dotesarit # marðat: verb auxiliary marð a 0e < v7 ◊v7{marðat} * It is inevitable that ◊|Š| does ◊|T|. -> must -> inevitable -> certain | This verb indicates situational necessity. @antonym rjotat @antonym geðat # lilcit: verb intransitive lilc i 0c < v7 ◊v7{lilcit} < v6 ◊v6{yvyllyd}? * ◊S is flipped or inverted. -> flipped -> inverted -> backwards -> reversed # visêrčit: verb ditransitive visêrč i 3c < v7 ◊v7{visêrčit} * ◊S chooses ◊I over ◊|O|. -> choose -> prefer -> decide ! visêrčige dolilcit \ choose or invert \ ◊S decides between ◊I and ◊|O|, whatever the result might be \ If ◊O is not specified, then it is implied to be the negation of ◊|I|. # sarait: verb auxiliary sara i 1e < v7 ◊v7{sarait} * ◊|Š| may do ◊|T|; ◊T is permitted. -> allowed to -> permitted to -> may -> can | This verb indicates deontic possibility. # lef: relational celestial adverbial dative lef < v7 ◊v7{lepit} * ◊S is orthogonal or perpendicular to ◊|O|. -> orthogonal -> perpendicular * ◊S is uncorrelated with ◊|O|. -> uncorrelated -> unrelated -> regardless of -> irrespective of -> no matter # peþ: !det peþ < v7 ◊v7{peþ} * Not certain but possible. -> possible -> candidate # len: noun celestial mass 5 le ilm ilm n e * Whether ◊|gen#| is true or false. -> truth value -> whether | If ◊|gen#| is a nominalized verb phrase, then ◊nc{len} can be translated as ◊trans{whether}. # ħespe: !intj ħespe < ? * -> unfortunately # tormec: !intj tormec < v6 ◊v6{tormecyn} * An expression of parting. -> goodbye -> farewell @synonym nadenva @antonym nadenva @antonym cenpe # tano: noun celestial collective 0 tan ton tan o < v7 ◊v7{tano} < v6 ◊v6{tano} * -> bird (animal) @hyponym leþin @hyponym ceaþt·ano # ceaþt·ano: noun celestial collective 0 ceaþt·an ceaþt·on ceaþt·an o < ◊refword/l{ceaþ} + ◊refword/l{tano} * -> robin @hypernym tano # melsit: verb ditransitive mels i 0c < v7 ◊v7{melsit} * ◊S plays music ◊I on an instrument ◊|O|. -> play -> perform * ◊S sings ◊I without lyrics. -> sing # narvit: verb semitransitive narv i 0c < v7 ◊v7{narvit} < v6 ◊v6{narvyd} < ◊v6{narva} ◊trans{voice} (◊refword/l{narva}) * ◊S sings a song ◊I with lyrics. -> sing # sifłit: verb transitive sifł i 0c < ? * ◊S (a bird) vocalizes ◊|O|. -> vocalize -> sing # menvat: verb semitransitive menv a 0e < v7 ◊v7{menvat} * ◊S comes to face to face with ◊|I| according to a prior arrangement. -> meet # trarit: verb semitransitive trar i 1c < v6 ◊v6{traryd} * The individuals in a group ◊S gather with each other in anticipation of ◊|I|. -> meet -> gather # trarerþ: noun celestial singular 14 trar trorþ tral e < quality derivation of ◊refword/l{trarit} * An event where people gather together in a place, related to or for the purpose of ◊|gen#|. -> gathering -> meeting # narver: noun celestial singular 3 narv norv narv e < patient derivation of ◊refword/l{narvit} * A song with lyrics. -> song # narva: noun celestial singular 0 narv nerv nerv a < v7 ◊v7{narva} < v6 ◊v6{narva} * The sound uttered by mouth, especially in humans. -> voice # arnenda: noun celestial collective 0 arnend arnond arnend a < v6 ◊v6{arnenda} * A general term for any kind of music. -> music * In the singulative, a piece of music. @synonym narver # arnent·rarerþ: noun celestial singular 14 arnent·rar arnent·rorþ arnent·ral e < ◊refword/l{arnenda} + ◊refword/l{trarerþ} * An event held for the purpose of performing music. -> concert # cfela: noun celestial singular 0 cfel cfil cfeld a < ? * -> journey -> travel -> trip ! cfileca nelsit \\ ◊S travels to ◊|I| # moþit: verb intransitive moþ i 1c < v7 ◊v7{moþit} * ◊S has high density. -> dense * The contents of ◊S are crowded with respect to space. -> crowded -> dense # moþcrîþ: noun terrestrial singular 11 moþcrî moþcrîlþ moþclîþ þ < ◊refword/l{moþit} + ◊refword/l{crîþ} * A dense forest. -> jungle -> thicket # prâma: noun celestial singular 0 prâm prôm rânp a < v7 ◊v7{prâma} < v6 ◊v6{aprama} * A vessel made for moving through water. -> boat -> ship # nafsa: noun celestial singular 0 nafs nefs naft a < v6 ◊v6{navsa} * A unit of length approximately equal to 1.90 km. # celprit: verb transitive celpr i 0c < ? * ◊S moves by a distance of ◊|O|. -> cover -> for # desa: relational terrestrial adverbial dative_motion desa < v7 ◊v7{desa} < v6 ◊v6{desor} * ◊S is below ◊O in space. -> below -> under * ◊S is related to or concerned with ◊|O|. -> about -> related to -> concerning -> on -> regarding * In the nominalized form, the bottom part of ◊|gen#|. -> bottom -> base @antonym sêna # dendit: verb transitive dend i 0c < v7 ◊v7{dendit} < ◊v7{denren} ◊trans{beast, animal} + ◊v7{mečit} ◊trans{search for} * ◊S catches ◊O for the purpose of hunting. -> hunt * ◊S pursues ◊O for the purpose of hunting. # malenva: noun celestial singular 0 malenv malneð malenv a < v7 ◊v7{malenva} < ◊v7{malen} ◊trans{core, center} + ◊v7{enva} ◊trans{day} (◊refword/l{enva}) * The middle day in a given season ◊|gen#|. For spring or autumn, this is the corresponding equinox. For summer or winter, this is the corresponding solstice. -> solstice -> equinox # šircel: noun terrestrial singular 10 širc širc šenc ħisc šilc < v7 ◊v7{šircel} < v6 ◊v6{šyrcel} (v4 ◊v4{syrcel}) * The day of the year in which the daytime lasts the longest. -> summer solstice # centel: noun terrestrial singular 10 cent cant cant cint cend < v7 ◊v7{centel} < v6 ◊v6{centel} * The earliest part of daytime, before midday. -> morning. # cercêl: noun terrestrial collective 11 cercê cilt cêlc l < v7 ◊v7{cercêl} < v6 ◊v6{ercelos} * -> mountain # šinrit: verb intransitive šinr i 0c < v6 ◊v6{šynryd} * ◊S laughs. # seħin: noun celestial singular 4 seħ siħ siħ seħ n e < v6 ◊v6{seyn} * -> monkey # ansen: noun celestial singular 13 ans ons ħans ħans and e < v6 ◊v6{ansan} * A difficult action done for entertainment. -> stunt -> trick # šidrêr: noun human singular 11 šidrê šeld šilþ r < v7 ◊v7{šidrêr} < ◊v7{šidrat} ◊trans{be elderly} < v6 ◊v6{šydro} (v4 ◊v4{sydro}) * A person of old age. -> elder -> senior @hypernym nava # jorniłit: verb semitransitive jornił i 0c < v7 ◊v7{jorniłit} < v6 ◊v6{eornyllyd} * ◊S is standing. -> stand * Especially with ◊l0{es-}, ◊S stops sitting on ◊|I|. -> stand up | This verb is used only when the subject is animate; otherwise ◊refword{eþit} is used. # inoros: noun terrestrial collective 7 inor janar inol < v7 ◊v7{inoros} < v6 ◊v6{ynoros} * A long piece of wood. -> stick -> branch -> rod @hyponym erinoros # dirła: noun celestial singular 0 dirł gjoł dił a < v7 ◊v7{dirła}, with gloss ◊trans{side} * One half of time or space delimited by ◊|gen#|. -> side ! elaþ dirła \ first side \ the default, canonical, or expected side ! gesaþ dirła \ second side \ the marked, non-canonical, or unexpected side * Alliance to ◊|gen#| or concerning (◊nc{desa}). ! #saþen gjołas ve. \\ I am on #saþo’s side. # fan: relational celestial adverbial dative_motion fan < ? * ◊S is next to ◊O in space. -> next to -> at the side of -> beside -> adjacent to # denga: noun celestial singular 0 deng don deng a < v7 ◊v7{deŋga} < v6 ◊v6{denga} * A thin artificial barrier separating two areas of land. -> fence # ŋeprit: verb transitive ŋepr i 0e < v7 ◊v7{ŋeprit} * ◊S prevents ◊O from falling or collapsing. -> prop up -> support # ŋeprinoros: noun terrestrial singular 7 ŋeprinor ŋeprijanar ŋeprinol < ◊refword/l{ŋeprit} + ◊refword/l{inoros} * A long stick used to assist in walking. -> walking stick -> staff -> cane # tisa: noun celestial collective 0 tis sel sid a < v7 ◊v7{tisa} * Any rodent. -> rodent -> mouse -> rat # malin: noun celestial collective 4 mal mal mił mal n e < v7 ◊v7{malin} * -> squirrel # onas: noun celestial singular 1 on un ons a < v6 ◊v6{onanas} ◊trans{web} * A structure used by an animal for raising its young. -> nest # otasa: noun celestial singular 0 otas otos otad a < v7 ◊v7{otatan} * A device used to immobilize an animal. -> trap -> snare -> net # criso: noun celestial collective 0 cris cres crod o < v7 ◊v7{criso} < v6 ◊v6{cryssavo} * -> spider # crisotasa: noun celestial singular 0 crisotas crisotos crisotad a < ◊refword/l{criso} + ◊refword/l{otasa} * A web built by a spider. -> web -> spiderweb # daħrit: verb ditransitive daħr i 3c < v7 ◊v7{daħrit} < v6 ◊v6{nagarat}? * ◊S prevents ◊I from detecting ◊|O|; ◊S hides ◊O from ◊|I|. -> hide -> conceal # cenvos: noun terrestrial singular 7 cenv cinv cenv < v7 ◊v7{cenvos} < v6 ◊v6{cenvos} from the first six letters of the script (◊i{c}, ◊i{e}, ◊i{n}, ◊i{v}, ◊i{o}, ◊i{s}) * The script of Ŋarâþ Crîþ. -> Cenvos * A letter, especially in the script of Ŋarâþ Crîþ. This includes both true letters and markers. -> letter # erinoros: noun terrestrial collective 7 erinor erjanar erinol < ◊refword/l{ener} + ◊refword/l{inoros} * A branch of a tree, while it is still attached thereto. -> branch -> bough @holonym ener @hypernym inoros # disrit: verb intransitive disr i 0n < related to v6 ◊v6{desor} ◊trans{below} * ◊S is easy to bend. -> flexible -> limp * ◊S hangs downward or sags. -> sag -> droop -> bend @synonym vandat # seren: noun celestial collective 13 ser sor senl sinl sel e < v7 ◊v7{seren} < v6 ◊v6{seren} * The seed of a plant. -> seed # lerþen: noun celestial mass 13 lerþ rjoþ ljoþ ljoþ relþ e < v7 ◊v7{lerþen} < v6 ◊v6{lerssen} * The season after winter and before summer. -> spring # aŋarit: verb intransitive aŋar i 1c < v7 ◊v7{aŋarit} < v6 ◊v6{agnara} * ◊S has a higher-than-average but pleasant temperature. -> warm # gina: noun celestial mass 0 gin gjon gin a < v7 ◊v7{gina} < v6 ◊v6{genar} < ? + ◊v6{arcyn} ◊trans{ice} * A form of solid water in the form of small ice crystals that form in the air and precipitate, or that otherwise has a similar consistency. -> snow * A layer of snow on the ground. @hypernym naso # darnit: verb intransitive darn i 2c < v7 ◊v7{darnit} < v6 ◊v6{darnalla} * The endpoints of ◊S are far apart. -> long * ◊S takes up a large duration of time. -> long * ◊S is wise. -> wise # tfeldarnit: verb intransitive tfeldarn i 2c < ◊refword/l{tfel} + ◊refword/l{darnit} * ◊S continues to exist in spite of ◊|I|. -> endure -> last -> be patient -> diligent -> persist @synonym cerit # coþ: noun celestial singular 5 co coþ cord þ a < v7 ◊v7{coþ} * -> emotion -> feeling # forþ: noun celestial singular 11 fo ferþ foð rþ < v7 ◊v7{forþ} * -> idea -> notion -> thought @confusable sar # crânit: verb transitive crân i 3c < v7 ◊v7{crânit} < v6 ◊v6{cronayd} * ◊S causes ◊O to be full. -> fill -> full * ◊S causes ◊O (the moon) to wax. -> wax @synonym vôr @antonym inorit # inora: noun celestial singular 0 inor intar inol a < v7 ◊v7{inora} * The quality of being empty. -> emptiness * An empty space from the lack of ◊|gen#|. -> void -> space * The lack of ◊|gen#|. -> lack of * The space put between words in writing. -> space # narat: verb intransitive nar a 0n < v7 ◊v7{narat} * Of fruit, ◊S is ripe. -> ripe * Of leaves, ◊S changes color from green as during autumn. # venrit: verb semitransitive venr i 0c < v7 ◊v7{venrit} * ◊S forsakes a person ◊|I|. -> abandon -> desert -> forsake -> leave behind # venos: noun terrestrial collective 7 ven vin ven < v7 ◊v7{venos} * -> maple tree @hypernym ener # cfiþar: noun celestial collective 3 cfiþ cfjoþ cfid a < v7 ◊v7{cfiþar} < v6 ◊v6{cvyssalyr} * A leaf of a tree. -> leaf * A sheet of paper or one face thereof, in the context of writing. -> page @holonym ener # ton: relational celestial adnominal dative ton < v7 ◊v7{ton} * ◊S has ◊|O| attached to it as a feature or accessory. -> with # tecsat: verb semitransitive tecs a 0n < v7 ◊v7{tecsat} * ◊S senses ◊I by touch. -> feel -> touch # nêlit: verb intransitive nêl i 2c < v7 ◊v7{nêlit} < v6 ◊v6{enela} * ◊S is soft to the touch. -> soft -> tender # cþasna: noun celestial singular 0 cþasn cþonł cþasn a < v7 ◊v7{cþasna} * An immeasurably short span of time. -> instant -> moment ! en jorniłit cþonłas \\ the instant one stands; as soon as one stands # natras: noun celestial singular 1 natr notr natl a < v7 ◊v7{natras} < v6 ◊v6{natras} * The outer protective layer of an animal. -> skin -> hide # relta: noun celestial collective 0 relt rilt relt a < v7 ◊v7{relta} * -> blood vessel -> capillary -> artery -> vein ! relta aŋarit \\ ◊|gen#| feels warm inside # vistos: noun terrestrial collective 7 vist vost vid < v7 ◊v7{vistos} < ◊v6{vystos} * -> stone -> rock # sero: noun celestial mass 0 ser sjor seal o < v7 ◊v7{sero} < v6 ◊v6{sero} * -> moss -> lichen # ilmos: noun terrestrial mass 7 ilm olm ilm < v7 ◊v7{ilmos} * The bark of a tree. -> bark * The skin of a fruit. -> skin -> peel @holonym ener # ercit: verb intransitive erc i 2c < v7 ◊v7{ercit} < v6 ◊v6{arcenda} * ◊S is cold to the touch. -> cold * ◊S (weather) is cold. # genat: verb intransitive gen a 2e < v6 ◊v6{genelo} * ◊S moves at a low speed. -> slow # vadogen: noun celestial singular 13 vadog vadog vedog vedig vadeg e < v7 ◊v7{vadogen} * -> dolphin # cinmarit: verb ditransitive cinmar i 0n < ◊nc{cin-} (< v6 ◊v6{cynsso}) + ◊refword/l{marit} * ◊S converses with ◊I about ◊|O|. -> converse -> chat -> have a conversation # ageþne: noun celestial singular 0 ageþn agoþn ageþn e < ? + v7 ◊v7{naþnâl} < v6 ◊v6{nadenata} * The quality of being virtuous. -> virtue -> moral character * A trait that is considered virtuous. @synonym naþnâl # čiłit: verb transitive čił i 0c < v7 ◊v7{čiłit} < v6 ◊v6{trentryd} * ◊S performs labor that involves ◊|O|. -> work -> labor # aclit: verb semitransitive acl i 0e < v7 ◊v7{aclit} * ◊S finds ◊I interesting. -> interesting -> interested * ◊S is curious about ◊|I|. -> curious -> wonder # lensat: verb ditransitive lens a 0e < v7 ◊v7{lemsat} * ◊S helps ◊I do ◊|O|. -> help -> assist # cricþit: verb auxiliary cricþ i 0c < v7 ◊v7{cricþit} < ◊v7{cerecit} (◊refword/l{cerecit}) * ◊|Š| does not know to ◊|T|. -> cannot -> not know how to | This verb indicates the lack of facultative possibility. @antonym racfit @confusable geðat # rečit: verb auxiliary reč i 0c < v7 ◊v7{rečit} * ◊|Š| is not obligated to ◊|T|; ◊T is not necessary. -> not have to -> not necessary -> not required -> not obligated to | This verb indicates the lack of deontic necessity. @antonym łanat # velrjotat: verb auxiliary velrjot a 0c < v7 ◊v7{velrjotat} < ? + ◊v7{rjotat} (◊refword/l{rjotat}) * ◊|Š| has a conscientious objection against doing ◊|T|. -> cannot | This verb indicates the lack of conscientious possibility. @antonym neħrit @confusable rjotat @confusable geðat @confusable tersat # neħrit: verb auxiliary neħr i 0v < v7 ◊v7{neħrit} * ◊|Š| does not have a conscientious objection against doing ◊|T|. -> can | This verb indicates conscientious possibility. @antonym velrjotat @confusable pentat @confusable racfit # clareþ: noun celestial singular 14r clar clirþ cal e < ? * A lexical attribute of a noun ◊|gen#| that dictates which grammatical numbers it can take. -> clareþ -> number class # mê: !det mê < v7 ◊v7{mê} * An interrogative determiner. -> what -> which | Triggers partial lenition in the head noun if directly adjacent. # nepit: verb intransitive nep i 0c < v7 ◊v7{nepit} * An interrogative pro-verb. -> do what? | This verb can take any valency except the auxiliary, according to the verb it replaces. # penna: noun human singular 0 penn peþ mpad a < v7 ◊v7{penna} < ◊v7{pen} (◊refword/l{pen}) * An interrogative human pronoun. -> who | In formal language, this pronoun is preferred over ◊refword{pen} for human referents. @synonym pen # parja: noun celestial singular 0 parj perþ pjal a < v7 ◊v7{parja} * An interrogative location pronoun. -> where # peler: noun celestial singular { singular peler pelec penare penafel penreþ penareþ penareþ penareþ penres penrecþ penares peneves penril vpenric vpenal penavil penraþ penraþ penarþ penavaþ penracþa penracþa penarcþa penavacþ penraþa penraþa penarþa penavaþa pelet pelecþ pelat pelfet } < ◊refword/l{pen} + various quotative particles * An interrogative pronoun for ideas or speech. -> what # meel: noun terrestrial singular 10 me ma meł mirł meħ < v7 ◊v7{meel} < ◊v7{mê} (◊refword/l{mê}) * What item of a set of contextually salient ones. -> which @synonym pen # *srela: noun celestial singular 0 *srel *sril *srel a < ? * A container carried on one’s back, supported by straps around both of the carrier’s arms. -> backpack # roħat: verb ditransitive roħ a 0n < v7 ◊v7{roħat} < v6 ◊v6{ervead}? * ◊S takes action to prevent ◊O from harming ◊|I|; ◊S defends ◊I from ◊|O|. -> defend -> protect -> guard # menat: verb semitransitive men a 0c < v7 ◊v7{menat} < v6 ◊v6{meneat} * ◊S senses ◊|I| by sight. -> see * ◊S perceives ◊|I|. -> notice # cidrat: verb transitive cidr a 0e < ? * ◊S carries or wears ◊O on their head. -> carry -> wear # cþarnîs: relational celestial adnominal dative cþarnîs < ◊refword/l{cþar} + ◊refword/l{nîs} * ◊S revolves around ◊|O|. -> around # nasenar: noun celestial singular 3 nasen našin nasend a < v7 ◊v7{nasenar} < ? + ◊v7{senar} (◊refword/l{senar}) * A manmade fire, especially one made for warmth. -> campfire -> bonfire # nertanit: verb ditransitive nertan i 0c < v6 ◊v6{nertanyd} * ◊S allies with ◊O to form ◊|I|. -> ally -> unite # nerita: noun celestial singular 0 nerit noret nerid a < ◊refword/l{nertanit} * An alliance between ◊|gen#|. -> alliance * The era spanning years 3041 to 3497, in which the Federation of Crîþja existed. # meða: noun celestial singular 0 með mið með a < v7 ◊v7{meða} < v6 ◊v6{merseda} * The natural satellite that revolves around the earth. -> moon * A natural satellite of a planet ◊|gen#|. * The time of the day when the sun has set. -> night # miva: noun celestial singular 0 miv mjov miv a < v7 ◊v7{miva} < v6 ◊v6{myvea} * A unit of text delimited by spaces or punctuation. -> word # minam·eða: noun celestial mass 0 minam·eð minam·ið minam·eð a < ◊refword/l{miva} + ◊refword/l{meða} * The era spanning years 0 to 677, begun by the invention of the first version of the Cenvos script. # saegelþe: noun celestial mass 0 saegelþ saegilþ saegeld e < v6 ◊v6{saega} ◊trans{blue} + ◊v6{elsse} ◊trans{sun, year} * The apocryphal era predating the Evonmiron era. # +enacþir #malfa: noun human singular (3 +enacþ +enecþ +enag i | 0 #malf #molf #malf a) < v6 ◊v6{Enacssyr Malfa} < ◊v6{enacssyr} ◊trans{shard} + ? * The leader of the Naresa Reformation. -> +enacþir #malfa -> Enacssyr Malfa | 656 – 712. Daughter of ◊refword/l{#enesor}. Because of her gender, she was unable to inherit the crown. Fled in 669 to avoid an arranged marriage, raising a revolt against the ruling class, capturing territory, and ultimately taking the capital city in 677. # naresa: noun celestial collective 0 nares nores nared a < v6 ◊v6{naresa} * -> lily * The era spanning years 677 to c. 1400. * The reformation in 677 made by ◊refword/l{+enacþir #malfa}. @synonym naresav·lefto # evonmiron: noun terrestrial mass 9 evonmir evonmjor evonmil < v6 ◊v6{evon} ◊trans{mouth, chasm} + ◊v6{myron} ◊trans{after}, named because it immediately followed an inter-era period * The era spanning years c. ◊neg{1000} to 0. # vlefto: noun celestial singular 0 vleft vlift vledr o < v7 ◊v7{vlemto} < v6 ◊v6{vletmata} < ◊v6{vletmyd} ◊trans{revise, edit, change} * The act of revising or reforming ◊|gen#|. -> revision -> change -> reform * A particular instance of ◊|gen#| compared to others with different sets of revisions. -> revision -> version -> edition # naresav·lefto: noun celestial singular 0 naresav·left naresav·lift naresav·ledr o < ◊refword/l{naresa} + ◊refword/l{vlefto} * The reformation in 677 made by ◊refword/l{+enacþir #malfa}. @synonym naresa # senarmortos: noun terrestrial mass 7 senarmort senarmald senarmolt < ◊refword/l{senar} + ◊refword/l{mortos} * The era spanning years 2561 to 3041. # asenmeva: noun celestial mass 0 asenmev asenmov asenmev a < v6 ◊v6{asena} ◊trans{above} (◊refword/l{sêna}) + ◊v6{meva} ◊trans{sea} (◊refword/l{meva}) * The era spanning years c. 2100 to 2561. # desoren: noun celestial singular 13 desor desor ders dars sedol e < v6 ◊v6{desor} ◊trans{down, below} * A vernacular language descended from Ŋarâþ Crîþ v7. -> vernacular # #enesor: noun human singular 8 #enes #enis #ened < v6 ◊v6{Enesor} < ◊v6{enesor} ◊trans{fern} * One of the monarchs of Crîþja. -> #enesor -> Enesor | 630 – 677. Father of ◊refword/l{+enacþir #malfa}. # cadir: noun celestial singular 3 cad ced cas i < v7 ◊v7{cadir} * A mass of land completely surrounded by water that is not big enough to be considered a continent. -> island # vlêcadir: noun celestial singular 3 vlêcad vlêced vlêcas i < ◊nc{vlê-} + ◊refword/l{cadir} * A chain of islands. -> archipelago # manveo: noun celestial singular 0 manve manvi manveħ o < v6 ◊v6{manveo} ◊trans{information, data, message} * The part of speech of Ŋarâþ Crîþ that includes lists and key-value lists. -> datum # erłol: noun celestial singular 6 erł erîł erł o < v7 ◊v7{erłol} < ◊v7{erłas} ◊trans{gold} (◊refword/l{erłas}) + ◊v7{-ol} * A coin worth 20 ◊i{mjari}. * The unit of currency represented by the coin. -> pound sterling # mjare: noun celestial singular 0 mjar mjor mal e < v7 ◊v7{mjari} * A coin worth 12 ◊i{edva} or 1⁄20th of an ◊i{erłol}. * The unit of currency represented by the coin. -> shilling # edva: noun celestial collective 0 edv evar edv a < v7 ◊v7{edva} < ◊v7{e-} + ◊v7{tfara} ◊trans{coin, money} (◊refword/l{tfara}) * A coin worth 1⁄12th of an ◊i{mjare}. * The unit of currency represented by the coin. -> penny -> pence # tfara: noun celestial collective 0 tfar tfor tfal a < v7 ◊v7{tfara} * Something that is generally accepted for use in exchanging value. -> money -> currency * In the singulative, a coin. -> coin # seedva: noun celestial collective 0 seedv seevar seedv a < v7 ◊v7{seedva} < ◊v7{se-} ◊trans{⅐th} + ◊v7{edva} ◊trans{edvel} (◊refword/l{edva}) * A coin worth 1⁄7th of an ◊i{edvel}. * The unit of currency represented by the coin. # venos.s: noun terrestrial singular 7 ven vin ven < ◊refword/l{venos} * A coin worth 1s 4d, usually depicting a maple leaf on the reverse. # catra: noun celestial collective 0 catr cetr catr a < v7 ◊v7{catrjân} * -> crow -> raven # catra.2: noun celestial singular 0 catr cetr catr a < ◊refword/l{catra} * A coin worth 5s, usually depicting a raven on the reverse. -> crown # ercjor: noun terrestrial singular 8 ercj orcj elcj < v7 ◊v7{ercjor} < v6 ◊v6{erceor} * -> shield * A military force, especially one acting in defense. * A coin worth 10s, usually depicting a shield on the reverse. -> half sovereign # neris: noun celestial singular 4 ner nerp nerp nel s i < v7 ◊v7{neri} < v6 ◊v6{neri} ◊trans{construct (in NCS6 linguistics)} * A feature of a declined noun indicating what role it plays in a sentence. -> case # flef: noun celestial singular 11 fle felf folv f < ? * -> layer -> stratum * One of the eight representations of Ŋarâþ Crîþ text. Each layer represents Ŋarâþ Crîþ text at a different layer of abstraction and exists in either the written or spoken mode. -> layer # sarta: noun celestial singular 0 sart sort sard a < v7 ◊v7{sarta} < v6 ◊v6{sarta} * The locus of points that are a given radius away from a given point. -> circle * A segment of something that repeats. -> cycle -> period * Any type of ring-shaped headpiece. -> crown -> wreath # tovrasarta: noun celestial singular 0 tovrasart tovrasort tovrasard a < ◊refword/l{tovra} + ◊refword/l{sarta} * A wreath with flowers. * The second half-month of the year. # evin: noun celestial singular 4 ev ev ov evas n e < v7 ◊v7{evin} < v6 ◊v6{evyn} * A rectangular container. -> box -> crate -> container # nirþo: noun celestial collective 0 nirþ njorþ nilþ o < v7 ◊v7{nirþo} * -> willow tree | The conjunct form is ◊l0{nirþ-}. @hypernym ener # nirþevin: noun celestial singular 4 nirþev nirþev nirþov nirþevas n e < ◊nc{nirþ-} (◊refword/l{nirþo}) + ◊refword/l{evin}, because wicker was traditionally made from willow * Any small or medium-sized container made from stiff plant fibers. -> basket # nagrol: noun celestial singular 6 nagr nelc nagr o < ◊refword/l{nagrat} * A component used to cover the top of a container ◊|gen#|. -> lid -> cover # areleþiłes: noun celestial singular 1 areleþił areleþuł areleþił e < location derivation of ◊refword/l{ar} + ◊nc{el} (◊refword/l{es}) + ◊refword/l{eþit} * A place where one enters ◊|gen#|. -> entrance -> entryway # tlanto: noun celestial singular 0 tlant tlont tland o < v6 ◊v6{tlanto} * A group of ◊|gen#| lined up, in which ◊|gen#|s enter at one end and leave at the other end. -> queue -> line * A list of ◊|gen#| in which ◊|gen#|s enter at one end and leave at the other end. * A data structure in which the elements (◊|gen#|) are inserted at one end and leave at the other end. # selcit: verb auxiliary selc i 0c < ? * ◊Š knowingly fails to fulfill their responsibility or obligation to do ◊|T|. # cercerin: noun human singular 4 cercer cercir cercov cercel n e < v7 ◊v7{cercerin} < ◊v7{cerecit} (◊refword/l{cerecit}) * A person with whom the speaker is not familiar. -> stranger -> sir -> madam # dercon: noun terrestrial singular 9 derc darn derc < v7 ◊v7{dercon} < v6 ◊v6{dercon} * A round mass of land smaller than a mountain. -> hill # cereþin: noun celestial collective 4 cereþ cerþ ceres cereð n i < ◊refword/l{cereþ} + ◊nc{-in} * A small, often primitive or poorly built house. -> hut -> shack # treca: noun terrestrial singular 0 trec troc trec a < v7 ◊v7{treca} < v6 ◊v6{treca} * An expanse of flat, grassy land without many trees. -> plain -> grassland -> flatland -> field * In the plural, the rural area. -> countryside # miłerdas: noun celestial singular 1 miłerd miłers miłerd a < v6 ◊v6{mylle} ◊trans{grass} + ◊v6{ardas} ◊trans{land} * An area of land reserved for animals to graze. -> pasture # artfaþo: noun celestial singular 0 artfaþ artfoþ artfad o < v7 ◊v7{artfaþo} < ◊v7{ar-} (augmentative) + ◊v7{tfaþo} (◊refword/l{tfaþo}) * -> city # carðir: noun human singular 3 carð corð carð i < v7 ◊v7{carðir} * Someone who sightsees. -> sightseer -> visitor -> tourist # arceaþ: noun human singular 2 arce arcag arcag a < v6 ◊v6{arcead} ◊trans{stay, linger} * Someone receiving hospitality from ◊|gen#|. -> guest -> visitor # penelva: noun celestial mass 0 penelv pełev pełev a < ◊refword/l{pen} + ◊refword/l{elva} * An interrogative time pronoun. -> when -> what time # minait: verb intransitive mina i 2e < v7 ◊v7{minait} < ◊v7{mina} ◊trans{one} * ◊S is not accompanied by anyone else. -> alone -> lone # aterþ: noun celestial singular 14 at toerþ aþc e < v7 ◊v7{aterþ} * A rocky shore. # vôr: relational celestial adnominal dative vôr < v6 ◊v6{voro} ◊trans{full} * ◊O is abundant within ◊|S|. -> full of -> abounding with @synonym crânit # enima: noun celestial mass 0 enim enom eniv a < v7 ◊v7{enima} < ◊v7{ener} (◊refword/l{ener}) + ? * The material composing the trunk or branches of a tree. -> wood # nâgrat: verb transitive nâgr a 3c < v7 ◊v7{nagrat} < v6 ◊v6{nagarat} * ◊S covers ◊|O| from view, preventing it from being visible. -> cover -> obscure -> hide # anor: noun terrestrial mass 8 an on and < v7 ◊v7{anor} < v6 ◊v6{anor} * The atmosphere above the earth. -> sky ! anasor desa \\ outside, in the outdoors # lêcþa: noun celestial mass 0 lêcþ lîcþ lêcþ a < v7 ◊v7{lêcþa} < v6 ◊v6{elecssa} * The color gray. -> gray # lora: noun celestial collective 0 lor leħr orl a < v7 ◊v7{lora} < v6 ◊v6{lora} * The hair or fur of an animal or human, or a strand thereof in the singulative. -> hair -> fur # porat: verb intransitive por a 0n < v7 ◊v7{porat} * ◊S has a large cross section. -> thick * ◊S (human or animal) has a large body mass. -> fat -> overweight | ◊l1{porerþ} refers to the diameter, not the radius. @confusable vrelat # gentos: noun terrestrial singular 7 gent gint gend < ? * -> beard # fome: noun celestial singular 0 fom fim fom e < v7 ◊v7{fome} * A long, thin, and flexible material. -> string -> thread -> yarn # flarþ: noun celestial mass 5 fla fleþ flalþ rþ a < v7 ◊v7{flarþ} * -> metal # flarþf·ome: noun celestial singular 0 flarþf·om flarþf·im flarþf·om e < v7 ◊v7{flarþf·ome} < ◊v7{flarþ} (◊refword/l{flarþ}) + ◊v7{fome} (◊refword/l{fome}) * A piece of metal wire. -> wire # uc: relational terrestrial adnominal dative uc < ? * ◊S resembles ◊O in appearance, visually or otherwise. -> like -> resembling # vrelat: verb intransitive vrel a 0n < v7 ◊v7{vrelat} * ◊S (lamina) is thick. -> thick * ◊S (voice) is low-pitched. -> deep -> low-pitched @antonym firit @confusable porat # nedo: relational celestial adverbial dative nedo < v7 ◊v7{nedo} < v6 ◊v6{nedo} * ◊S happens in spite of ◊|O|. -> despite -> in spite of -> although # vandar: noun celestial singular 3 vand vond vand a < v7 ◊v7{vandar} < v6 ◊v6{vandar} * The warmest season of the year. -> summer # rešita: noun celestial singular 0 rešit rišelt rešid a < v7 ◊v7{rešita} * A cloak with a hood. -> cloak # elpit: verb transitive elp i 0c < ? * ◊S wears ◊O (outer garment). -> wear # celmas: noun celestial singular 1 celm colm celm a < v7 ◊v7{celmas} < v6 ◊v6{celmas} * A pane of glass or other transparent material installed in a wall to be seen through. -> window # cengrit: verb ditransitive cengr i 0c < v6 ◊v6{cenegryd} * ◊S throws ◊O at ◊|I|. -> throw -> toss # cîntit: verb transitive cînt i 0c < v7 ◊v7{cîntit} < v6 ◊v6{cyntrynyd} * ◊S collides with ◊|O|. -> hit -> strike -> collide # catlat: verb transitive catl a 0n < ? * ◊S hits ◊O with ◊|inst#|. -> hit -> strike -> beat up * ◊S completes a task ◊|O|. -> complete -> do ! edeson catlat \\ complete an assignment # firit: verb intransitive fir i 0c < v7 ◊v7{firit} * ◊S (lamina) is thin. -> thin @antonym vrelat # edeso: noun celestial singular 0 edes edos edes o < v6 ◊v6{edeso} * A task that one is assigned to do. -> quest -> mission -> errand -> assignment -> task * An assignment given in school to be completed at home. -> homework # *corta: noun celestial singular 0 *cort *cors *cord a < ? * A tube through which a fluid can flow from one end to the other. -> pipe # atra: noun celestial singular 0 atr ontr atl a < v7 ◊v7{atrân} * -> color # cajosatra: noun celestial mass 0 cajosatr cajosontr cajosatl a < ◊refword/l{cajos} + ◊refword/l{atra} * The color brown. -> brown # ruf: noun terrestrial mass { mass ruf romu romon roman romos romas romel rome ros ref cjaruf cjaref þjaruf þjaref riłot riłoþ } < v7 ◊v7{rom} * All instances of something, considered individually. -> each # rila: noun celestial collective 0 ril rjol ril a < v7 ◊v7{rila} * A plant to make a tea-like drink. * A drink made from this plant. -> tea # gelfat: verb intransitive gelf a 2n < ? * ◊S has a bitter taste. -> bitter # pelrit: verb semitransitive pelr i 0c < v7 ◊v7{pelrit} * ◊S is divided by ◊|I|. -> divide by ! pelrit pentat \\ ◊S is divisible by ◊I * ◊S is shared among ◊|I|. -> share # cerit: verb semitransitive cer i 1e < v7 ◊v7{cerit} * ◊S remains after ◊|I|. -> remain -> left -> outlive * ◊S survives despite ◊|I|. -> survive -> live @synonym tfeldarnit @antonym dranlit # tjôr: noun terrestrial collective { collective tjôr têŋen têŋaf têŋon têŋonþ têŋafen têŋi têŋin têŋafes têŋa têŋen têŋef tetês tetîns tetêf tetêŋa têtôrgen têtôrcef tetînþa tetînðen tetênþef diðit diðet diħicþ } < v7 ◊v7{têŋ} < v6 ◊v6{tencor} * Something meant to be eaten. -> food # casgit: verb intransitive casg i 2o < v6 ◊v6{ci} (negative) + ◊v6{asgera} (hot) * ◊S was heated but is no longer warm. -> cold -> cooled # seljo: noun celestial singular 0 selj silj sił o < v7 ◊v7{seljo} * The period of day after noon but before evening. -> afternoon # graþa: noun celestial singular 0 graþ groþ graþ a < v7 ◊v7{graþa} * An area of land adjacent to a large body of water, especially one of sand. -> shore -> beach # ceþpat: verb transitive ceþp a 0c < ? * ◊S captures ◊|O| (especially fish) from the water. -> catch -> fish # magrit: verb semitransitive magr i 0c < v7 ◊v7{magrit} * ◊S flees from ◊|I|. -> escape -> flee -> run away # talje: noun celestial collective 0 talj tolj tal e < v7 ◊v7{talje} * -> gull -> seagull # ifoma: noun celestial mass 0 ifom iform ifom a < v7 ◊v7{ifoma} * -> taste -> flavor # šorcrit: verb intransitive šorcr i 0c < v7 ◊v7{šiŋcrit} < v6 ◊v6{šyncryd} (v4 ◊v4{syncryd}) * ◊S burns. -> burn ! docaršorcrit \\ extinguish, let a debate rest # šorcrinôr: noun terrestrial collective 11 šorcrinô šorcrân šorcrinôl r < ◊refword/l{šorcrit} + ◊refword/l{inoros} * Wood meant for burning. -> firewood ! šorcrinôlon astrit \\ chop firewood # astrit: verb transitive astr i 0c < v7 ◊v7{astrit} * ◊S cuts up ◊|O| to turn it into a prepared form. -> cut # meðate: noun celestial singular 0 meðat meðot meðat e < v7 ◊v7{meðate} < ◊v7{meða} (◊refword/l{meða}) * The period of the day immediately before night, when the sun is setting. -> evening # sînma: noun celestial singular 0 sînm sênm sînv a < v7 ◊v7{sînma} < v6 ◊v6{esnema} * -> salt # esnemat: verb transitive esnem a 0n < v6 ◊v6{esnema} ◊trans{salt} (◊refword/l{sînma}) * ◊S treats ◊O with salt to preserve it from spoilage. -> salt # cþascat: verb transitive cþasc a 0n < v7 ◊v7{cþascat} * ◊S cooks ◊O (meat). -> cook # ercerþ: noun celestial mass 14 erc orceþ orc e < ◊refword/l{ercit} * The state of being cold. -> coldness # espel: noun terrestrial singular 10 esp asp asp resp esp < v7 ◊v7{espel} * The period from ◊|gen#|’s birth to ◊|gen#|’s death. -> life -> lifetime * The experience that ◊|gen#| has during their existence. # mevel: noun terrestrial mass 10 mev mev mev mov mev j < v7 ◊v7{mevel} * The quality of being free of decorations, especially when the object did not previously have such decorations. -> bare -> undecorated -> plain * The quality of being free of complications. -> simple -> simplicity -> straightforward -> uncomplicated ! mevjel serpeþ \\ a simple life * Of clothing, the state of not having any patterns. * Of a musical scale, the state of containing only the original notes. * Of music, the state of not having any accompaniment. * Of language, the quality of being concise. -> concise * In the genitive, having any of the above qualities. * In the instrumental, clearly and without any doubt. # łerlit: verb intransitive łerl i 0c < v7 ◊v7{łerlit} * ◊S oscillates between two configurations repeatedly. -> shake -> swing -> rock -> move back and forth -> sway -> waver # caðjano: noun celestial mass 0 caðjan caðjon caðjan o < v7 ◊v7{caðjano} * The entirety of the planet on which humans live. -> the world * The collection of all of humanity and its interactions. -> society @synonym enôr # celpit: verb semitransitive celp i n:i p:o 0c < ? * ◊S is true but ◊I is not necessarily true as a result. -> not imply -> not entail | This verb presupposes that the state described by ◊S is true. # cisrit: verb semitransitive cisr i 0c < ? * ◊S is emotionally detached from ◊|I|, especially in a situation where the opposite state is desirable. @synonym ecljat # serpeþ: noun celestial mass 2 serp sirp serp e < ? * The collective actions that make up ◊|gen#|’s way of life. -> lifestyle -> way of life # naso: noun celestial mass 0 nas nos nad o < v7 ◊v7{naso} < v6 ◊v6{nyrses} * Water, especially but not necessarily in its liquid state. -> water @hyponym arcin @hyponym gina @hyponym terveła # edan: noun celestial singular 12 ed esn a n < v7 ◊v7{edan} < v6 ◊v6{edan} * -> snake -> serpent # nasedan: noun celestial singular 12 nased natesn a n < ◊refword/l{naso} + ◊refword/l{edan} * -> eel # cjenefa: noun celestial mass 0 cjenef cjenof cjenef a < v4 ◊v4{ci-} ◊trans{not} + ◊v4{enefa} ◊trans{two} * The quality of being structurally uncomplicated to the point of not being separable into constituent parts in a relevant manner. -> simple -> atomic * In the genitive case, possessing the above quality. # varon: noun terrestrial mass 9 var ver val < v7 ◊v7{varon} * The state of being alive rather than dead. -> life * The vital force causing ◊|gen#| to be alive. # remat: verb transitive rem a 0n < v7 ◊v7{remat} < v6 ◊v6{ermead} * ◊S brings into existence a physical object ◊|O|, usually out of raw materials (◊refword/l{jas}). -> make -> create -> craft -> build * The members of ◊S form the components of ◊|O|. -> make up -> form -> compose * ◊S turns (◊refword/l{jas}) into ◊|O|. # nêrgit: verb transitive nêrg i 0c < v6 ◊v6{nergeryd} ◊trans{assemble, put together} * ◊S creates an artistic or intellectual work ◊|O|. -> compose -> create -> write * The members of ◊S gather together with each other. # tračit: verb intransitive trač i 0c < v7 ◊v7{tračit} < v6 ◊v6{tranta} * ◊S feels unhappy. -> unhappy -> sad # vretat: verb semitransitive vret a 1c < v7 ◊v7{vretat} * ◊S dislikes ◊|I|. -> dislike -> detest -> hate -> abhor -> disdain -> loathe # dranal: noun celestial mass 6 dran dren trand a < v7 ◊v7{dranal} < ◊v7{dranlit} (◊refword/l{dranlit}) < v6 ◊v6{nyralyssyd} * The state of being no longer alive. -> death * The event at which ◊|gen#| ceases to be alive. # glošit: verb transitive gloš i 0c < v7 ◊v7{glošit} * ◊S destroys ◊O by applying pressure to it. -> crush -> squash ! varanon glošit \\ kill; take a life * ◊S renders ◊O into fine particles by grinding it. -> pulverize * ◊S subdues or silences ◊O by oppression. -> quell # ŋjâl: noun celestial collective 5 ŋjâ ŋârj ŋjâl l a < v7 ◊v7{ŋjâl} < v6 ◊v6{nealo} * One of various plants grown for its starchy seeds, or a grain thereof in the singulative. -> wheat # ŋjârol: noun human singular 6 ŋjâr ŋarjêr ŋjârel o < ◊refword/l{ŋjâl} * One who makes a living from agriculture. -> farmer # senrit: verb ditransitive senr i 0c < v7 ◊v7{senrit} < v6 ◊v6{asenaryd} < perhaps ◊v6{senar} ◊trans{fire} (◊refword/l{senar}) * ◊S poses a danger to the existence of ◊|I|, with the possibility of resulting in ◊O if not properly handled. -> threaten # ardan: noun celestial singular 11 arda ord ard n < v7 ◊v7{ardan} < v6 ◊v6{ardan} * A mythological flying reptile, known for living near bodies of water on in mountain ranges. -> dragon # nasinora: noun celestial singular 0 nasinor nasintar nasinol a < ◊refword/l{naso} + ◊refword/l{inora} * A period with little rainfall. -> drought # adris: noun celestial singular 4 adr adr ord adr s e < v7 ◊v7{adris} ◊trans{region of Crîþja} * An administrative division of a sovereign state. -> region -> state -> province * One of the sixteen regions of Crîþja during its existence. # crecþos: noun terrestrial singular 7 crecþ cricþ crecþ < v7 ◊v7{crecþos} * A group of people who convene to make decisions. -> council * The council of representatives of each region of Crîþja during its existence. * The legislative body of a government. -> legislature # pospo: noun celestial collective 0 posp porp posp o < ? * -> worm # moro: noun celestial singular 0 mor mar mol o < v7 ◊v7{moro} * The hard external covering of some animals. -> shell # morop·ospo: noun celestial collective 0 morop·osp morop·orp morop·osp o < ◊refword/l{moro} + ◊refword/l{pospo} * -> snail @synonym cretam·oro # creta: noun celestial singular 0 cret crit cret a < v7 ◊v7{cretan} < v6 ◊v6{cretan} < ◊nc{cretead} ◊trans{to slither, to spiral} * A shape that revolves around a point while moving perpendicular to the plane of rotation. -> helix * A shape that revolves around a point while moving inwards. -> spiral * Something in the shape of a spiral or helix. # cretam·oro: noun celestial singular 0 cretam·or cretam·ar cretam·ol o < ◊refword/l{creta} + ◊refword/l{moro} * -> snail @synonym morop·ospo # cþascasenar: noun celestial singular 3 cþascasen cþascašin cþascasend a < ◊refword/l{cþascat} + ◊refword/l{senar} * A fire used for cooking food. # nesmâevin: noun celestial mass 4 nesmâev nesmâev nesmâov nesmâevas n e < v7 ◊v7{nemsâevin} < ◊v7{nemsâ} + ◊v7{evin} (◊refword/l{evin}) * (poetic) The sky, especially at night. -> night sky # alaþ: noun celestial mass 2 al oł al a < v7 ◊v7{alaþ} < v6 ◊v6{elsse} ◊trans{sun, day, east} * -> east # mîþa: noun human singular 0 mîþ vrâþ mîþ a < v7 ◊v7{mîþa} * Someone who rules over ◊|gen#| (especially a country). -> ruler -> leader -> king -> queen | While this word usually refers to a national leader, it can be used to refer to leaders of other organizations. For instance, ◊l1{sarałin mîþa} could refer to a principal or headmaster of a school. Furthermore, this term is used regardless of whether the title is passed on through familial ties or otherwise. # enden: noun celestial singular 13 end ħjans rant rant ħast e < v6 ◊v6{enden} * Something given to another person for free. -> gift -> present # arantar: noun celestial mass 3 arant grent arand a < v7 ◊v7{arantar} < v6 ◊v6{ar-} (augmentative) + ◊v6{antar} ◊trans{duration, time, interval} * A long span of time. -> long time -> while * In the genitive, taking a long time. * In the dative, used as a greeting when one party has not met the other for a long time. -> it’s been a long time -> long time no see # eclantar: noun celestial mass 3 eclant dant ecland a < ◊refword/l{ecljat} by analogy with ◊refword/l{arantar}, with the L stem taken from ◊refword/l{darnit} * A long distance. # ŋêlis: noun celestial singular 4 ŋêl ŋâl ŋârp ŋêl s i < v7 ◊v7{ŋêlis} * A place from which water appears on the surface. -> spring * Something that has caused ◊|gen#|. -> cause -> reason # vrigat: verb transitive vrig a 0n < v7 ◊v7{vrigat} * ◊S moves toward where ◊O is moving. -> follow -> pursue -> chase ! naþnân vrigat \\ be virtuous, have good moral character @synonym nelrit # naþnâl: noun celestial mass { mass naþnâl naþnâf naþnân naþnâfen naþnâls naþnâfes naþner naþnef noþnô noþmâ nôþneca nôþnecaf nôþneþa nôþneþaf nenþit nendicþ } < v7 ◊v7{naþnâl} < v6 ◊v6{nadenata} * Used only in conjunction with ◊refword/l{vrigat}. * Archaically, synonymous to ◊refword/l{ageþne}. @synonym ageþne # nensa: noun celestial singular 0 nens nêns mend a < v7 ◊v7{nemsâ} < v6 ◊v6{nesmeja} (v4 ◊v4{nesmeria}) * A luminous celestial body made of plasma that generally appears as a point in the night sky. -> star # relsit: verb semitransitive rels i 2c < v6 ◊v6{relsan} * ◊S cannot easily be explained by ◊|I|. -> mysterious -> inexplicable # serita: noun celestial mass 0 serit sirð terð a < v7 ◊v7{serita} * -> west # denecit: verb auxiliary denec i 2n < v7 ◊v7{denecit} < v6 ◊v6{denecyd} * ◊Š continues to ◊|T|. -> continue -> keep -> still # jâlat: verb ditransitive jâl a 1e < v7 ◊v7{jâlat} < v6 ◊v6{jalad} (v4 ◊v4{rialad}) * ◊S leads ◊O to ◊|I|. -> lead -> guide # terveła: noun celestial mass 0 terveł tervoł terveł a < ? * The gaseous form of water, especially when in motion. -> steam -> water vapor @hypernym naso # gðenir: noun human singular 3 gðen gðon gðen i < ◊refword/l{gðenit} * One of the parents who gave birth to ◊|gen#|. -> biological parent @hyponym melco @hyponym tfoso # tfôr: noun terrestrial singular 11 tfô apr fôl r < v6 ◊v6{tfôr} * One of the limbs attached to the torso. -> arm @meronym mortos # nerlit: verb ditransitive nerl i n:i p:î 0c < v7 ◊v7{nerlit} * ◊S picks up ◊O from ◊I, especially from the ground. -> pick up -> retrieve -> collect -> harvest * ◊S (wind) blows ◊|O|, causing it to no longer be on ◊|I|. @hyponym evrit # inorit: verb intransitive inor i 2e < v7 ◊v7{inorit} < ◊v7{inora} (◊refword/l{inora}) * ◊S becomes empty. -> empty * ◊S (the moon) wanes. -> wane @antonym crânit # vrêma: noun celestial singular 0 vrêm vrôm vrêm a < v7 ◊v7{vrêma} < v6 ◊v6{nervema} * A lengthy published work written by ◊|gen#|, usually printed on paper and bound. -> book * (metonym) The grammar of Ŋarâþ Crîþ. ! vrêman anagrat \\ (of text) conform to the rules of Ŋarâþ Crîþ grammar # anagrat: verb transitive anagr a 0c < v7 ◊v7{anagrat} < ◊v7{nagrat} (◊refword/l{nagrat}) * ◊S hides oneself from ◊|O|. -> hide * ◊S conforms to the norms of ◊|O|. -> fit in -> conform # ino: noun celestial mass 0 in fjon iŋ o < v7 ◊v7{ino} * -> place -> location # âŋa: relational celestial adverbial dative âŋa < v6 ◊v6{agernyd} * ◊S bends toward ◊|O| at ◊|loc#|. -> bend | This refers to an object whose state both before the change in direction and after it are both observable simultaneously, such as a river or a road. It is not used to refer to entities such as people when they change direction. | It is not sufficient for ◊S to have ◊O as a destination; it must have a change in direction somewhere for this relational to be applicable. @confusable ar # socon: noun celestial singular 9 soc sec osg < v7 ◊v7{socon} < v6 ◊v6{oscona} * The intersection made by two rays. -> angle * A change in direction by ◊|gen#|. -> turn -> bend # cþîfsocon: noun celestial singular 9 cþîfsoc cþîfsec cþîmosg < ◊refword/l{cþîf} + ◊refword/l{socon} * An angle measuring less than π/2 radians. -> acute angle * A sharp change in direction, totaling more than π/2 radians. # šeprat: verb ditransitive šepr a 0c < ? * ◊S kills ◊O as a penalty for ◊|I|. -> execute # sral: noun celestial mass 5 sra aþr esap l e < ? * The state-sanctioned act of killing someone as a punishment for a crime. -> death penalty -> capital punishment -> execution # têrmon: noun human singular 9 têrm târm têrm < v6 ◊v6{etermon} ◊trans{hostile, belligerent} * Someone who is seized or captured, usually to encourage another party to act in a certain way. -> hostage -> captive * Someone who has been incarcerated, usually in response to a crime that they committed. -> prisoner # efreþ: noun human singular 14r efr ofr efr e < v6 ◊v6{efreto} ◊trans{command} * Someone who commands a military force. -> commander # varmenat: verb semitransitive varmen a 1e < v7 ◊v7{varmenat} < v6 ◊v6{varmenead} * ◊S looks at ◊|I| closely. -> look at -> inspect -> examine -> observe @synonym vonat # movit: verb transitive mov i p:ô 0c < v7 ◊v7{movit} * ◊S causes ◊O to be suspended in the air. -> float -> suspend # &tara: noun celestial collective 0 &tar &tor &tal a < possibly onomatopoeic * A small piece of wood created by cutting or chipping a larger piece. -> woodchip # cþiro: noun celestial collective 0 cþir cþjor cþel o < v6 ◊v6{cssyro} * An area of low elevation between hills or mountains. -> valley # refsit: verb semitransitive refs i 4c < v6 ◊v6{remso} ◊trans{fruit} * ◊S (land) is capable of growing abundant amounts of ◊I (crop). -> fertile -> productive # *naša: noun celestial collective 0 *naš *neš *naš a < ? * A type of red flower. # cjâþit: verb ditransitive cjâþ i n:ê 1e < v7 ◊v7{cjâþit} < v6 ◊v6{cjavassyd} * ◊S separates ◊O from ◊|I|, usually forcefully. -> separate -> tear -> rip # rana: noun celestial collective 0 ran reln ran a < v7 ◊v7{rana} < v6 ◊v6{arna} ◊trans{leg, root} * The roots of a plant. -> root @holonym ener # mjerlo: noun celestial collective 0 mjerl mjorl mjerl o < v7 ◊v7{mjerlo} * -> oak tree @hypernym ener # cevo: noun terrestrial singular 0 cev cilv cev o < v7 ◊v7{cevo} < v6 ◊v6{ceavon} * The front of the head of a human or an animal; the part that includes the eyes, nose, and mouth. -> face # cecþit: verb transitive cecþ i 0c < v7 ◊v7{cecþit} * ◊S bites ◊|O|. -> bite # mine: noun celestial collective 0 min miln min e < v7 ◊v7{mine} * -> cloth -> fabric -> textile # saradir: noun human singular 3 sarad sarad sarad i < ◊refword/l{sarat} * Someone whose profession is to teach students. -> teacher # dosaradir: noun human singular 3 dosarad dosarad dosarad i < ◊nc{do-} + ◊refword/l{sarat} * Someone whose profession is to teach students. -> teacher # anðat: verb auxiliary anð a 0c < v7 ◊v7{amðat} * ◊T has not yet occurred. -> not yet # genħit: verb transitive genħ i 0c < v7 ◊v7{genħit} < v6 ◊v6{agernyd} * ◊S applies force to ◊O in a way to change its conformation. -> twist -> bend * ◊S kills ◊O by strangulation. -> strangle -> choke * ◊S reduces or withholds funding from ◊|O|, causing a negative effect on ◊|O|. -> defund # cenventar: noun celestial collective 3 cenvent cenvont cenvent a < v6 ◊v6{cenvad} ◊trans{write} + ◊v6{-entar} (temporal derivational suffix) * An academic course with the objective of teaching ◊|gen#|. -> course -> class * The process of taking courses in school, as opposed to other duties one takes as a part of being a student. -> coursework # jatol: noun celestial collective 6 jat jet jad o < v7 ◊v7{jatol} * -> plum # celcol: noun celestial singular 6 celc colc celc o < v7 ◊v7{celcol} * A manmade structure with walls and a roof. -> building -> structure # celcit: verb transitive celc i p:î 0c < backformation from ◊refword/l{celcol} * ◊S constructs a structure ◊|O|. -> build -> construct # celca: noun celestial collective 0 celc cilc celg a < backformation from ◊refword/l{celcol} * Materials used for building such as wood or concrete. # @asoren: noun celestial singular 13 @asor @asar @sers @sars @asol e < v7 ◊v7{@asoren} * A country on Crîþja, to the south of Viriþis, occupying where Region 0 of the former Federation of Crîþja used to exist. -> Asoren # dełir: relational celestial adverbial dative_motion dełir < v7 ◊v7{dełir} ◊trans{at one’s side} * ◊S is next to a body of water ◊|O|. * Also used in the following expression: ! coris dełir \\ in danger ! coramin dełirar \\ into danger # elta: noun celestial collective 0 elt ilt elt a < v7 ◊v7{elta} * -> salmon # asnelsit: verb semitransitive asnels i 0e < v7 ◊v7{asnelsit} < ? + ◊v7{nelsit} (◊refword/l{nelsit}) * ◊S goes to ◊I after having left ◊|I| earlier. -> return -> go back ! cajoþ asnelsit \ return to the ground \ die, pass away # eþo: noun human singular 0 eþ oþ eþþ o < v6 ◊v6{esso} ◊trans{fool, idiot} < v1 ◊v1{esso} ◊trans{they are} (changed to ◊v2{von} in v2) * Someone who is carefree. # ceþa: noun celestial singular 0 ceþ cjoþ ceþ a < v7 ◊v7{ceþa} < v6 ◊v6{cessa} * A fairly large body of water surrounded by land on all sides. -> lake # *ilens: noun human singular 5 *ile *jel *iln ns e < ??? ◊i{ilens} (first-person pronoun, of many) < PrS ◊i{illento} ◊trans{decorated house} (> v6 ◊v6{yllento} ◊trans{garden}) * Someone who is vain, arrogant, or narcissistic. # enras: noun celestial singular 1 enr onr enl a < v7 ◊v7{enras} < v6 ◊v6{enras} * A hollow cavity in land. -> hole -> pit -> cave # reħin: noun celestial singular 4 reħ reħ riħ reħ n e < v6 ◊v6{reyn} ◊trans{well} * A vertical cavity on a horizontal surface of the ground. -> hole -> pit # naðasic·alta: noun celestial singular 0 naðasic·alt naðasic·ilþ naðasic·ald a < v7 ◊v7{naðasic·alta} ◊trans{rough draft} < ◊v7{naðasit} (◊refword/l{naðasit}) + ◊v7{calta} (◊refword/l{calta}) * A handwritten copy of a text. -> manuscript # calta: noun celestial singular 0 calt cilþ cald a < v7 ◊v7{calta} * An extended piece of nonfiction prose. -> essay -> article # asfit: verb intransitive asf i 0c < v7 ◊v7{asfit} * ◊S undergoes a physical reaction from a solid to a liquid state. -> melt # ciła: noun celestial collective 0 cił cjoł cił a < v7 ◊v7{ciła} * A small particle of something. -> fleck -> speck -> particle -> grain # vercês: noun celestial collective 5 vercê virc verg s a < v6 ◊v6{vercesa} ◊trans{grain, speck} * -> atom # fomenoros: noun terrestrial singular 7 fomenor fomejanar fomenol < ◊refword/l{fome} + ◊refword/l{inoros} * A spool of thread. -> spool # vana: noun celestial collective 0 van von van a < v6 ◊v6{vana} ◊trans{plant} * A small plant. -> plant # tênsat: verb ditransitive têns a 0e < v7 ◊v7{tênsat} < v6 ◊v6{ternesad} ◊trans{fight verbally, argue} * ◊S debates with ◊O about ◊|I|. -> debate -> argue -> discuss # janrit: verb ditransitive janr i n:e 0e < v6 ◊v6{eanryd} ◊trans{submit} * ◊S puts ◊O into ◊|I|. -> put in -> add ! le calas esdanþen janras. \\ Add a carrot into the pot (that is already cooking other ingredients). * ◊S presents an argument ◊O in a debate ◊|I|. -> argue @confusable grenfit # grenfit: verb ditransitive grenf i 0c < v7 ◊v7{grenfit} < v6 ◊v6{gerenfyd} * ◊S places ◊O at ◊|I|. -> place -> put @confusable janrit # netrit: verb transitive netr i 0c < v7 ◊v7{netrit} < v6 ◊v6{netryd} * ◊S applies pressure to ◊|O|. -> press -> push -> compress # esdor: noun terrestrial collective 9 esd isd esd < v6 ◊v6{esdeor} * -> carrot # cala: noun celestial singular 0 cal col cal a < v7 ◊v7{cala} * A large vessel used for cooking food by heat. -> pot * The contents of such a vessel. # peþat: verb intransitive peþ a 0c < v7 ◊v7{peþat} * ◊S quickly turns from a liquid state into a gaseous state, usually by applying heat. -> boil -> be vaporized ! vêłari nîs peþat \ boil through the walls \ boil over, (of a debate) become too heated # vêłas: noun celestial singular 1 vêł vôł vêł a < v7 ◊v7{vêłas} < v6 ◊v6{veollerssa} * A vertical barrier, usually manmade, built to impede movement through a border. -> wall -> barrier # fasa: noun celestial singular 0 fas fos fad a < v7 ◊v7{fasa} * -> waterfowl -> duck -> goose * Speech or action that is not constructive to a debate. # nerčit: verb transitive nerč i 0c < v7 ◊v7{nerčit} * ◊S chops ◊O (wood). -> chop wood -> cut wood ! erinoron minon nerčit \ cut down one branch of a tree \ do something in a half-hearted or perfunctory manner # creten: noun celestial collective 13 cret critł hrest hrost cers e < v7 ◊v7{creten} < v6 ◊v6{creten} * Periodic perturbations in water. -> wave ! cretil ineðit \ like the white (foam) of the waves \ transient, ephemeral # elcat: verb intransitive elc a 2v < v7 ◊v7{elcat} < v6 ◊v6{elcan} * ◊S contains little water. -> dry -> parched * ◊S feels a desire to drink water. -> thirsty # nefrat: verb intransitive nefr a 0e < v7 ◊v7{nemrat} * ◊S sinks in (◊nc{ar}). -> sink * ◊S dies of drowning. -> drown # dendisir: noun human singular 3 dendis dendis dendis i < agent derivation of ◊refword/l{dendit} * Someone who hunts animals. -> hunter # adercit: verb intransitive aderc i 2c < v7 ◊v7{adercit} < ◊v7{ercit} (◊refword/l{ercit}) * ◊S feels cold inside oneself. -> feel cold # apasa: noun celestial mass 0 apas apos apes a < v7 ◊v7{apasa} < v6 ◊v6{apasa} * The sensation of pain. -> pain ! apasa eþit \\ there is pain in ◊|loc#|; ◊|loc#| hurts # ageat: verb intransitive age a 1e < ? * ◊S makes a loud noise in response to fear. -> scream # sênnotat: verb transitive sênnot a 0c < v7 ◊v7{sênnotat} < ◊v7{sêna} (◊refword/l{sêna}) + ◊v7{notat} (◊refword/l{notat}) * ◊S ascends via ◊|O|. -> climb -> go up -> ascend # gehorat: verb intransitive gehor a n:e p:e 0c < v7 ◊v7{gehorat} < v7 ◊v7{gehor} * ◊S coughs. -> cough # cšiłit: verb intransitive cšił i 0c < ? * ◊S reflexively closes their eyes for a short time. -> blink # plecþat: verb transitive plecþ a 1e < ? * ◊S makes ◊O shiny or smooth by rubbing, cleaning, or grinding. -> polish -> smooth * ◊S removes imperfections from ◊|O|. -> improve -> refine -> perfect * ◊S removes or shortens hair from ◊|O| by cutting. -> shave -> cut hair # pelčit: verb transitive pelč i 0c <łič łit> < v7 ◊v7{pelčit} < v6 ◊v6{pelčyd} (v4 ◊v4{peltyd}) < ◊v6{perselta} ◊trans{clothing} * ◊S wears ◊O (clothing). -> wear * ◊S uses ◊O (shield). # seftat: verb intransitive seft a 0e < ? * ◊S feels joy or happiness to a great degree. -> very happy -> ecstatic @synonym tesarit # łan: noun celestial collective 5 ła łal łil n a < v7 ◊v7{łan} * -> cloud # cfârneþ: noun celestial mass 2 cfârn cfôrn cfârn e < v7 ◊v7{cfârneþ} < v6 ◊v6{cyparnese} * -> south # senłas: noun celestial singular 1 senł sinł sinł a < ? * One-half of the orbital period of the moon, especially in the context of the calendar. -> half-month | Since the moon of Njôro has an orbital period of 62.802 days, a half-month has a length comparable to our month. # sêren: noun celestial singular 13 sêr sên sêrn sârn sêl e < possibly ◊refword/l{sêna} * The highest point of ◊|gen#|. -> peak -> apex * The point at which ◊|gen#| achieves its maximum value. -> maximum # firjarcin: noun celestial singular 4 firjarc firilc fireric firerg n e < ◊refword/l{firit} + ◊refword/l{arcin} * A thin layer of ice that forms on a solid surface. -> frost * The tenth half-month of the year. # serend·rênerþ: noun celestial singular 14 serend·rên serend·rjônþ serend·rên e < ◊refword/l{seren} + ◊refword/l{drênit} * The first half-month of the year. # vôrvaron: noun terrestrial singular 9 vôrvar vôrver vôrval < ◊refword/l{vôr} + ◊refword/l{varon} * The third half-month of the year. # elþesêren: noun celestial singular 13 elþesêr elþesên elþesêrn elþesârn elþesêl e < ◊nc{elþe-} (◊refword/l{eleþ}) + ◊refword/l{sêren} * The fourth half-month of the year. # šisonm·êva: noun celestial singular 0 šisonm·êv šisonm·ôv šisonm·êv a < ◊refword/l{šison} + ◊refword/l{mêva} * The fifth half-month of the year. # naram·jena: noun celestial singular 0 naram·jen naram·jon naram·en a < ◊refword/l{narat} + ◊refword/l{mjena} * The sixth half-month of the year. # ceaþcfiþar: noun celestial singular 3 ceaþcfiþ ceaþcfjoþ ceaþcfid a < ◊refword/l{ceaþ} + ◊refword/l{cfiþar} * The seventh half-month of the year. # eltasnelserþ: noun celestial singular 14 eltasnels eltasnols eltasnels e < ◊refword/l{elta} + ◊refword/l{asnelsit} * The eighth half-month of the year. # inoravona: noun celestial singular 0 inoravon inoraven inoranv a < ◊refword/l{inora} + ◊refword/l{avona} * The ninth half-month of the year. # ercig·ina: noun celestial singular 0 ercig·in ercig·jon ercig·in a < ◊refword/l{erci} + ◊refword/l{gina} * The eleventh half-month of the year. # sifłit·ano: noun celestial singular 0 sifłit·an sifłit·on sifłit·an o < ◊refword/l{sifłit} + ◊refword/l{tano} * The twelfth half-month of the year. # ginasferþ: noun celestial singular 0 ginasf ginosfeþ ginasf e < ◊refword/l{gina} + ◊refword/l{asfit} * The thirteenth half-month of the year. # pelesto: noun celestial singular 0 pelest pelist peled o < v6 ◊v6{Pelesto} ◊trans{?} * The first day of the week. # venes: noun terrestrial singular 1 ven vin venc e < v6 ◊v6{Venesos} (the deity of fire in Crîþol cosmology) * The second day of the week. # ħator: noun terrestrial singular 8 ħat ad ħad < v6 ◊v6{Atoros} (the deity of water in Crîþol cosmology) * The third day of the week. # anar: noun celestial singular 5 ana narł narh r a < v6 ◊v6{Anaro} (the deity of earth in Crîþol cosmology) * The fourth day of the week. # nerals: noun celestial singular 11 nera nerg nelþ ls < ??? ◊i{Nerals} < PrS ◊i{Neralssu} (cf. v6 ◊v6{Nerassa}) (the deity of the sky in Crîþol mythology) * The fifth day of the week. # cþilgesna: noun celestial singular 0 cþilgesn cþilgasn cþilgesn a < v6 ◊v6{Cssylgesna} ◊trans{?} * The sixth day of the week. # sivarja: noun celestial singular 0 sivarj siver sivjel a < v6 ◊v6{Syvarja} ◊trans{?} * The seventh day of the week. # elvina: noun celestial singular 0 elvin elvjon ilven a < v6 ◊v6{elvyna} ◊trans{dawn, sunrise} (◊refword/l{vlina}) * The eighth day of the week. # felcaþa: noun celestial singular 0 felcaþ felcoþ felcad a < v6 ◊v6{Felcassa} ◊trans{?} * The ninth day of the week. # analaþ: noun celestial singular 2 anal onel anał a < v4 ◊v4{analass} ◊trans{nine} * A nine-day period used to track work and rest days in the calendar. -> week # arla: noun celestial singular 0 arl orl arl a < v7 ◊v7{arla} < v6 ◊v6{arla} * A long, thin, sharp implement used for piercing. -> needle * One of the hands of a clock. -> hand | In Njôro, there are four types of clock hands: a quarter-day hand that revolves around the clock once per day, an ◊i{elva} hand that revolves once per 12 ◊i{elvo}, a ◊i{cenðos} hand that revolves once per ◊i{elva}, and a ◊i{rirens} hand that revolves once per ◊i{cenðos}. # coþora: noun celestial collective 0 coþor cþener coþel a < ? * -> cherry tree # cþiro: noun celestial collective 0 cþir cþjor cþil o < v7 ◊v7{cþiro} ◊trans{ringing sound} < v6 ◊v6{cssyryd} ◊trans{make a ringing sound} * A sensation caused by vibration of air and detected by the ears. -> sound # tevrit: verb intransitive tevr i p:a 0v < possibly related to ◊refword/l{tovra} * ◊S (tree) starts producing flowers. -> flower -> bloom -> blossom # asmel: noun terrestrial singular 10 asm sam asm osm asm j < v7 ◊v7{asmel} < v6 ◊v6{asmelryd} ◊trans{have a dream} (◊refword/l{asmelrit}) * An imaginary sensory experience one has during sleep. -> dream ! samos cjašit \\ have a dream \ Usually used with modifiers on the noun. # asmelrit: verb transitive asmelr i 0c < v7 ◊v7{asmelrit} < v6 ◊v6{asmelryd} * ◊S has a dream about ◊|O|. -> dream # nosrit: verb intransitive nosr i 0c < v7 ◊v7{nosrit} < v6 ◊v6{nasra} * ◊S has a great distance between the entrance and the interior; ◊S is deep inward. -> deep * ◊S is complex or involved. -> complex -> complicated -> difficult -> profound ! nosra vecna \\ a difficult problem, a difficult situation * As a serial verb, with much deliberation. @confusable varcþat @antonym sagerit # varcþat: verb intransitive varcþ a 0e < ? * ◊S has a great distance between its surface and its bottom; ◊S is deep vertically. -> deep @confusable nosrit # vecna: noun celestial singular 0 vecn vicn vecn a < v6 ◊v6{vecna} * Something that causes difficulty for ◊|gen#| and is to be resolved or dealt with. -> problem -> issue # sagerit: verb intransitive sager i 1e < ? * ◊S has a small distance between the entrance and the interior; ◊S is shallow inward. -> shallow * As a serial verb, without much deliberation. @confusable encrat @antonym nosrit # encrat: verb intransitive encr a 0e < ? * ◊S has a small distance between its surface and its bottom; ◊S is shallow vertically. -> shallow @confusable sagerit @antonym varcþat # enlat: verb ditransitive enl a 2c < v6 ◊v6{enlea} * ◊S is farther away from ◊I spatially than ◊|O| is. -> far -> distant -> beyond @synonym ecljat # metos: noun terrestrial mass 7 met mot mesd < v7 ◊v7{metos} * The backside of ◊|gen#|. The place behind ◊|gen#|. -> back -> backside -> behind # drełes: noun celestial collective 1 dreł drił dreł e < v7 ◊v7{drełes} < v6 ◊v6{drelles} * A lachrymal secretion. -> tear # recen: noun celestial singular 13 rec roc terc terc recs e < v6 ◊v6{recen} * The crescent moon. # enôr: noun celestial singular 11 enô sîn ônl r < v7 ◊v7{enôr} < v6 ◊v6{eneoro} * The entirety of the planet on which humans live. -> the world * More generally, a plane of existence, especially one harboring intelligent life. -> world -> realm * The area of land over which ◊|gen#| rules. -> land -> domain @synonym caðjano # enôrimeþo: noun celestial singular 0 enôrimeþ enôremis enôrimed o < v7 ◊v7{enôrimeþo} < ◊v7{enôr} (◊refword/l{enôr}) + ◊v7{imeþo} * The view of an area of land. -> landscape -> terrain -> scenery # cþarpas: noun celestial mass 1 cþarp cþerp cþarf a < ? * Light rain. -> shower -> drizzle @hypernym mêva # cjerantin: noun celestial collective 4 cjerant cjerint cjerent cjerand n i < v7 ◊v7{cjerantin} < diminuitive of v6 ◊v6{cjeran} * -> butterfly # relcrit: verb intransitive relcr i 0c < v7 ◊v7{relcrit} < possibly v6 ◊v6{relcyd} ◊trans{flap, flutter} * ◊S moves through the air. -> fly # tełavit: verb intransitive tełav i 2c < ? * ◊S has a pleasant scent, such as that of flowers. -> sweet-smelling # grisþit: verb transitive grisþ i 0c < v7 ◊v7{grisþit} * ◊S draws an image of ◊|O|. -> draw * ◊S (reflective object) reflects the image of ◊|O|. -> reflect @synonym grenčit # grenčit: verb transitive grenč i 0n < v6 ◊v6{grenčyd} ◊trans{draw an image} * ◊S draws an image of ◊|O|. -> draw * ◊S moves in a way as to trace out a pattern ◊|O|. -> trace @synonym grisþit # dêrmit: verb ditransitive dêrm i 0c < v7 ◊v7{dêrmit} * ◊S disperses ◊O over ◊|I|. -> scatter -> disperse # relcit: verb intransitive relc i 2c < v6 ◊v6{relcyd} * ◊S moves through the air while making quick but irregular motions. -> flap -> flutter # taŋat: verb intransitive taŋ a 0c < v6 ◊v6{tacnad} ◊trans{jump} * ◊S is nimble or agile. -> nimble -> agile # carie: !intj carie < v7 ◊v7{carie} * An expression of joy or blessing. -> thank goodness # isi: !intj isi < v7 ◊v7{isi} * -> anyway -> anyhow -> that’s enough -> that’s it # łorcþit: verb intransitive łorcþ i 0c < v7 ◊v7{łeŋcþit} * ◊S (sky, weather) is not obscured by clouds. -> clear * ◊S is free of worry. -> light-hearted * ◊S is easy to notice. -> noticeable -> conspicuous * ◊S makes decisions easily. -> decisive # samis: noun celestial singular 4 sam sam som safc s e < v7 ◊v7{sami} * -> smile -> grin # toris: noun celestial singular 4 tor til tal tol s e < v7 ◊v7{toris} * Something caused by ◊|gen#|. -> result -> product * A message from ◊|gen#| in reply to another. -> answer -> reply -> response @confusable liine # liine: noun celestial singular 0 liin lain lean e < v7 ◊v7{liine} < reverse of ◊v7{eniil} ◊trans{question} * An answer to a question ◊|gen#|. -> answer @confusable toris # anłit: verb auxiliary anł i 0c < v7 ◊v7{anłit} * ◊Š does ◊T in response to an earlier action against them. -> in return -> back # samirit: verb semitransitive samir i 0c < ◊refword/l{samis} * ◊S smiles toward ◊|I|. -> smile # verna: noun celestial collective 0 vern vrân verŋ a < v7 ◊v7{verna} < v6 ◊v6{verna} * -> sand # calen: noun celestial collective 13 cal cleþ cerl canl cał e < ? * -> dragonfly # telmaðit: verb transitive telmað i 2c < ? * ◊S is prone to using force against ◊|O|. -> fierce -> ferocious -> aggressive * ◊S is determined toward the goal of ◊|O|. -> resolute -> determined # mivaf·ome: noun celestial singular 0 mivaf·om mivaf·im mivaf·om e < ◊refword/l{miva} + ◊refword/l{fome} * The name of the character ◊l0{-} in Cenvos. -> hyphen # casgjantar: noun celestial mass 3 casgjant casgent casgjand a < ◊refword/l{casgit} + ◊refword/l{antar} * Time during which ◊|gen#| is not busy doing something. -> free time -> idle time # šimenit: verb semitransitive šimen i 2s < v6 ◊v6{šynmenead} ◊trans{understand} + ◊v6{-enyn} (incoming ability suffix) * ◊I finds ◊S easy to understand. -> easy -> simple # *&sef: !intj *&sef < ? * An informal parting that also implies that one will meet the other party later. -> see you later # moþen: noun celestial singular 13 moþ morþ morþ morþ moð e < v7 ◊v7{moþen} * A room of a building. -> room # etorm·oþen: noun celestial singular 13 etorm·oþ etorm·orþ etorm·orþ etorm·orþ etorm·oð e < v7 ◊v7{etorm·oþen} < ◊v7{etor} (◊refword/l{etor}) + ◊v7{moþen} (◊refword/l{moþen}) * The room directly touching the front entrance. -> entrance room -> front room -> foreroom -> anteroom -> antechamber -> entryway # nêrgim·oþen: noun celestial singular 13 nêrgim·oþ nêrgim·orþ nêrgim·orþ nêrgim·orþ nêrgim·oð e < v7 ◊v7{nêrgim·oþen} < ◊v7{nêrgit} (◊refword/l{nêrgit}) + ◊v7{moþen} (◊refword/l{moþen}) * -> living room -> communal space -> parlor -> lounge # silvit: verb semitransitive silv i 0c < v7 ◊v7{silvit} * ◊S feels uneasy about ◊|I|. -> uneasy -> nervous -> fearful -> worried -> anxious # gadosit: verb intransitive gados i 2c < ? * ◊S is extremely large. -> giant -> gigantic @hyperym mervit # gedos: noun terrestrial collective 7 ged gond ged < ? * An animal that causes disgust. -> vermin # miþris: noun celestial singular 4 miþr miþr mers mirt s e < v7 ◊v7{miþris} < ◊v7{mîþa} (◊refword/l{mîþa}) * A rule from ◊|gen#| that constrains what one may do. -> rule -> law -> decree -> regulation -> guideline # greþnit: verb ditransitive greþn i 0c < ? * ◊S ties or binds the members of ◊O with each other in order to form ◊|I|. -> tie -> bind -> bundle * ◊S organizes the members of ◊O to form an organization ◊|I|. -> organize -> recruit * ◊S causes ◊O to converge toward ◊|I|. -> converge -> concentrate * ◊S sets apart ◊O for use toward ◊|I|. -> dedicate # cefsit: verb auxiliary cefs i 0c < perhaps v6 ◊v6{cemes} ◊trans{drought} * ◊Š has difficulty doing ◊|T|. -> difficult -> have trouble -> struggle # cþirłat: verb semitransitive cþirł a 0n < ◊refword/l{cþiro} * ◊S honors ◊I (person or event) by rites or ceremonies. -> celebrate -> observe -> keep -> commemorate # ascor: noun terrestrial singular 8 asc sjaþ asg < v4 ◊v4{ascoros} * Any kind of sweet baked good meant for more than one person. -> cake -> pastry # oreþmat: verb ditransitive oreþm a 0c < v7 ◊v7{oreþmat} * ◊S commands ◊O to do ◊|I|. -> command -> tell -> say # perin.intj: !intj perin < ◊nc{perin} ◊trans{imaginary unit} * Indicates that a presupposition to a question has not been satisfied. -> mu ! ša velišan’ve catlat gcarnespesta? / perin; šjonof fel garelta. \\ Have you stopped beating your spouse? / No, I’ve never beat them in the first place. \ The failed presupposition is ‘you have beaten your spouse in the past’. @confusable ces.intj # mon: noun terrestrial singular 11 mo ann men n < v7 ◊v7{mon} * The psyche. -> mind -> psyche -> heart ! mondic es \\ honestly, deep down inside * A way of thinking. -> philosophy * The culture of a place. -> culture # ehledat: verb intransitive ehled a 0n < ? * ◊S is aware of their surroundings. # cagesit: verb auxiliary cages i 0c < ? * ◊Š does ◊T for the first time in such a long time that the speaker does not remember when it last happened. @hypernym vespat # vespat: verb auxiliary vesp a 0n < ? * ◊Š does ◊T for the first time in a long time. -> in a while @hyponym cagesit